哈尔滨地区早产儿母乳营养素含量的调查研究

目的了解当前哈尔滨地区早产儿母乳中各种营养素的含量,为研制国内早产儿强化母乳提供科学依据,为更加合理喂养早产儿促进其健康成长提供科学依据。方法收集哈尔滨市四个地区62名产妇的乳汁(早产儿初乳32份、成熟乳28份;足月儿初乳及成熟乳各30份),测定乳汁中蛋白质、脂肪、钙、磷、镁、铜、铁、锌、锰的含量。结果哈尔滨地区早产儿母乳中蛋白质、磷、锌、镁在成熟乳期下降明显,铁、铜略有下降,但差异无统计学意义,脂肪、锰随泌乳期呈上升趋势,钙无明显变化。早产儿母乳在初乳及成熟乳期蛋白质含量均高于足月儿母乳,其他元素差异两者间无统计学意义。结论早产儿母乳中蛋白质、锌、脂肪含量在成熟乳阶段含量偏低,建议适当补充,注意喂养。

Study of nutritional ingredients in breast milk of preterm mothers in Harbin region

Objective In order to provide scientific data for researching and manufacturing premature breast milk fortifier, and for improving proper feeding instructions of premature infants, we investigated the nutritional ingredients of breast milk in preterm mothers in Harbin region. Methods Breast milk samples from 62 postpartum mothers in four areas in Harbin region were collected. Thirty-two preterm mothers and 30 full term mothers involved in the study. Thirty-two samples of colostrum and 28 samples of mature milk were collected from preterm mothers, 30 samples of colostrum and 30 samples of mature milk were collected from full term mothers. The following ingredients, protein (Pro), fat, calcium (Ca), phosphor (P), magnesium (Mg), cuprum (Cu), ferrous (Fe), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were quantified in all samples. Results Comparing with preterm colostrum, preterm mature milk had low contents of Pro, P, Zn and Mg, slight decrease of Fe and Cu but no statistic significance, a trend of increasing in fat and Mn during lactation but no change of Ca level. Both preterm mothers' colostrum and mature milk had more protein than full term mothers', other ingredients were same. Conclusions The levels of Pro, Zn and fat in mature milk of preterm mothers are low, which may not meet the higher nutritional requirement of preterm infants. Supplementing with above nutrients are highly recommended.