糖尿病大鼠正畸牙齿移动及组织学变化

目的 探讨糖尿病大鼠正畸牙移动对牙周组织的影响。方法 选用80只雄性SD大鼠，牵引左上颌第一磨牙近中移动。实验组以STZ腹腔注射制备Ⅰ型糖尿病模型，对照组注射柠檬酸缓冲液，3周后开始实验。分别在加力0、3、7、14、21天处死大鼠，记录上颌第一磨牙移动距离，组织HE染色后，观察牙周组织形态学的改变。结果 ①实验组大鼠牙齿移动距离在移动末期明显大于对照组；②实验组骨质疏松；③实验组大鼠压力侧破骨细胞数在骨吸收期少于对照组，3、7、14天有统计学意义；④实验组大鼠在骨形成期张力侧成骨细胞数少于对照组，14、21天有统计学意义。结论 ①糖尿病性骨质疏松导致正畸牙齿移动末期牙齿移动速度加快；②糖尿病骨质反应能力降低，牙齿移动过程中破骨活动和成骨过程均受抑制。

Orthodontic tooth movement and histological change of diabetes mellitus rats

Objective To investigate the periodontal remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement in rats with diabetes mellitus.Methods Eighty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Mesial force was applied to the maxillary first molar. Forty animals were rendered diabetic by injection of streptozotocin. The remaining 40 animals were only injected with citrate buffer. In 3 weeks after the injection, rats were subjected to mesial tooth movement. The animals were sacrificed after 0, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively. Orthodontic tooth movement and histologic changes were observed.Results Compared with the control group, the tooth of the rat with diabetes mellitus moved significantly on 21st day (P<0.05). After the start of tooth movement, bone histomorphometry demonstrated that diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis were present. Diabetes mellitus decreased the number of osteoclasts (except 21 days) and osteoblasts in the alveolar bone (except 7 days) significantly (P<0.05).Conclusion These findings indicated that diabetes mellitus caused rapid orthodontic tooth movement. The acceleration of tooth movement could be due to osteoporosis. Bone resorption and formation were both inhibited in rats with diabetes mellitus during orthodontic tooth movement.