Impairment of B and T cell maturation in gut associated lymphoid tissues due to malnutrition during lactation

Previously we found that malnutrition during lactation in rats produces an impairment in the immune response to cholera toxin. In this report we found that malnutrition during lactation provokes in 28-day-old rats an increase of Thy1⁺ cμ⁺ cells in gut associated lymphoid tissues concomitantly with a decrease of sIgA⁺ B cells. No differences were found in the percentages of the IgM⁺B cell populations. Furthermore, no differences were found in the Peyer's patch (PP) and mesenteric lymph node (MLN) T cell subsets in weaning rats when compared to controls. However, after 1 week of refeeding a higher percentage of the Thy1⁺ cμ⁻ subset together with a lower percentage of CD5⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺ T cells, were found in malnourished rats when compared to controls. The above results may indicate that B-cell maturation is delayed in malnourished rats at two stages of differentiation: (a) in the passage of pre-B cells (Thy1⁺ cμ⁺) to immature B cells (sμ⁺), and (b) in the switch from sμ⁺ B cells to s⁺ B cells. The decrease of CD5⁺, CD4⁺, and CD8⁺T cells together with and increase of the Thy1⁺ cμ⁻ subset in gutassociated lymphoid tissues (GALT) may indicate that T-cell maturation is also delayed. Results obtained at weaning may be due to an engraftment by maternal milk-derived lymphocytes in the pups.