天然五环三萜及其衍生物抗心脑血管疾病的研究进展

心脑血管疾病是我国成年人群首要致死病因,且发病率呈上升和年轻化趋势,运用中药治疗心脑血管疾病十分必要。天然产物是治疗心脑血管药物的重要来源。三萜类化合物是植物体内重要的次生代谢产物,具有广泛的生物活性,其中五环三萜类表现出明显的抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗病毒等药理作用。近年来,越来越多的研究集中在五环三萜类化合物抗心脑血管疾病领域,对其结构进行衍生化从而提升活性、改善药性的研究也越发深入。通过查阅国内外五环三萜类化合物及其衍生物近10年的文献专利报道,综述了齐墩果烷、乌苏烷、羽扇豆烷、木栓烷4种类型五环三萜类化合物及其衍生物抗心脑血管疾病的研究进展,为治疗心脑血管疾病药物的研发提供依据和参考。

Research progress on natural pentacyclic triterpenoids and derivatives in anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases

Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading cause of death among adult populations in China. The incidence and mortality rate shows an upward trend, and age of onset is younger trend. It is necessary to treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with Chinese materia medica. Natural products have been the important and productive source of leading compounds for the development of anti-cardiovascular and cerebrovascular drugs. Naturally occurring triterpenoid saponins are generally plant-derived secondary metabolites with various valuable pharmacological properties. Pentacyclic triterpenoids of which show obvious anti-inflammatory, antitumor and antiviral effects. In recent years, increasing researches focused on the anticardiovascular and cerebrovascular mechanisms and modifications to improve the pharmacological activity and druggability of pentacyclic triterpenes. Based on previous studies, the literatures and patents of nearly 10 years on pentacyclic triterpenoids and their derivatives have been consulted. The research progress of anti-cardio-cerebrovascular activities of four types of compounds, oleanane, ursane, lupane, and friedelane, related to pentacyclic triterpenoids is reviewed, which provides a basis and reference for its further development and utilization in the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.