N、P、K配施对丹参产量和质量的影响

目的通过研究N、P、K配比对丹参产量、生长及质量的影响,探寻鲁中南地区丹参最佳N、P、K配比及用量,为鲁中南地区棕壤土质下丹参精准施肥提供理论指导。方法采用"3414"随机区组设计N、P、K 3种肥料不同配施组合,共14个施肥处理,测定丹参产量、生长性状、生物活性成分含量。分析不同施肥处理对丹参产量和质量的影响,并通过逐步回归分析建立鲁中南丹参的肥料效应模型,估测该地区丹参最大产量施肥量及最佳经济施肥量。结果 N、P、K缺素处理较最高产量处理分别减产27.29%、22.09%、23.83%,增收最佳处理为N2P2K_2,产量为16740kg/hm~2;单因素肥料效应分析表明丹参产量随单种肥料施用量的增加呈先增加后减少的趋势,限制山东地区丹参产量及效益的主要营养元素依次为NKP;两因素交互效应分析表明,在较低施入水平下,N、P、K肥之间相互促进,且交互效应NPNKPK;N、P、K配施对生长性状影响分析得出N肥显著促进丹参根部物质积累,K肥对丹参株幅、根粗有促进作用;对活性成分含量影响分析得出P肥对酚酸类成分积累均有促进作用,促进丹参酮类成分积累,K肥对其有抑制作用。结论丹参施肥量与产量之间二次函数拟合结果均符合报酬递减定律,能较好反映施肥量与产量的关系,通过建立三元二次效应函数估测鲁中南地区最佳经济施肥量为N 195.63 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 116.64 kg/hm~2、K_2O 153.84 kg/hm~2。

Effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Objective To study the effect of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on the yield and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza in order to explore the optimal N, P, and K ratios and dosages in middle south of Shandong, and provide theoretical guidance for precision fertilization. Methods Based on "3414" randomized block design, 14 fertilization combination treatments of N, P and K were designed to determine the yield, growth, and bioactive components of S. miltiorrhiza. The effects of different fertilization treatments on the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza were analyzed, and a fertilizer effect model of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong was established by stepwise regression analysis. The maximum yield of fertilized S. miltiorrhiza and the best amount of economic fertilization were estimated. Results Nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium deficiency treatments reduced the yields by 27.29%, 22.09%, and 23.83%, respectively, and the optimal treatment for increasing yield was N₂P₂K₂ with a yield of 16 740 kg/hm². Single factor fertilizer effect analysis showed that the yield of S. miltiorrhiza showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the increase in the application amount of these fertilizers. The main nutrient elements limiting yield and benefit of S. miltiorrhiza in middle south of Shandong were as follow:N > K > P. The analysis of the interaction between the two factors showed that the nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers promoted each other at a certain application amounts, the interaction effect were as follow:NP > NK > PK. Through the effects of fertilization combination of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium on growth, nitrogen significantly promoted the material accumulation in roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Potassium had a certain role in promoting the plant width and root width. The effect of fertilization on the content of active ingredients showed that potassium promoted the accumulation of phenolic acids and tanshinones, while potassium had the adverse effect. Conclusion The quadratic function fitting result between the amount of fertilizer applied and the yield of S. miltiorrhiza is in line with the law of diminishing returns, which can better reflect the relationship between the amount of fertilizer and yield. The best fertilizer scheme in middle south of Shandong should be N 195.63 kg·/hm², P₂O₅ 116.64 kg/hm², and K₂O 153.84 kg/hm² estimated by ternary quadratic function fitting.