内蒙古自治区常规X射线诊断患者剂量调查结果分析

目的 分析内蒙古地区常规X射线诊断患者入射体表剂量水平。方法 根据全国医疗照射剂量及频度调查项目方案的要求，完成内蒙古地区30%数量医疗机构常规X射线诊断应用现状调查，按照医疗机构年接诊人数比例抽取内蒙古地区12个盟市24家医疗机构开展普通X射线诊断患者入射体表剂量调查。将不同设备、不同级别医院、不同照射部位间受检者入射体表剂量结果进行比较。结果 在各类诊断设备中，以数字X射线摄影系统（DR）为主。在各类常规X射线诊断检查过程中，腰椎摄影所致患者平均入射体表剂量为3.39 mGy/人，骨盆及髋关节摄影检查所致患者平均入射体表剂量为1.65 mGy/人，颈椎、四肢和胸部摄影所致患者平均入射体表剂量分别为0.90、0.38、0.37 mGy/人。在胸部、腰椎、颈椎3种部位的诊断检查中，使用屏片摄影设备所致受检者入射体表剂量高于DR测量结果，差异具有统计学意义（Z=-3.229、-4.820、-5.265，P<0.05）。结论 屏片摄影设备所致患者的入射体表剂量大于DR，操作人员的操作行为是影响患者入射体表剂量的重要因素。

Investigation on entrance surface doses to patients from medical X-ray diagnosis in Inner Mongolia autonomous region

Objective To analyze the levels of entrance surface dose (ESD) to patients from diagnostic medical X-ray examinations in Inner Mongolia autonomous region. Methods The investigation of diagnostic medical X-ray examinations was completed in 30% of the number of hospitals under the requirement of the program plan of the national survey on frequency and dose from medical exposure. The investigation of ESDs to patients from general diagnostic X-ray examinations was carried out in terms of the scale of annual outpatients in different levels of hospital. The difference in ESDs to patients was compared for different equipments, different grade hospitals and different exposure sites, with the comparison result being subjected to rank sum test. Results In all types of diagnostic medical X-ray equipment, DR photography equipment accounted for the majority. During various routine diagnostic X-ray examinations, the average ESDs was lumbar vertebral 3.39 mGy, pelvic and hip 1.65 mGy, cervical spine 0.90 mGy, extremities 0.38 mGy and thorax 0.37 mGy, respectively. In the diagnostic examinations of chest, lumbar and cervical spine, the ESDs caused by the use of screen film photography equipment were higher than those by DR photography equipment, with statistically significant difference (Z=-3.229,-4.820,-5.265,P<0.05). Conclusions Screen film photography equipment results in higher ESD than DR photography equipment. The doctor''s operation behavior is an important factor that affects the ESD.