正常与缺血性心肌梗死及心肌肥厚大鼠超声心动图参数变化趋势比较

目的 通过对正常和心血管疾病状态下的大鼠进行连续超声心动图检测，获得客观准确的大鼠心脏超声参数的变化趋势。方法 建立缺血性心肌梗死和压力负荷增高诱导心肌肥厚的大鼠模型，分别在术前、术后1、2和4周进行超声心动图检测，在相同时间点对正常大鼠进行超声心动图检测，并记录超声参数数据。结果 正常大鼠各心脏参数随时间的变化均有所升高，属正常生长状态。心肌梗死大鼠心脏变化以心室重构和功能障碍为主，心室内径和心室容积随时间变化显著增加，射血分数和短轴缩短率显著降低，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。心肌肥厚大鼠心脏变化以形态改变为主，左室前、后壁厚度随着时间的延长显著增加，收缩末期容积显著下降，射血分数和短轴缩短率代偿性升高，差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论 应用超声心动图可获得正常和疾病状态下较为客观准确的大鼠心脏超声数据，为后续应用大鼠实验模型研究各种心血管疾病提供了数据参考。

Comparison of rats echocardiographic values under three conditions

Objective To obtain accurate time-varying tendency of rats echocardiographic parameters measured by a long-term and continuous echocardiography detection under normal and cardiovascular disease conditions. Methods Two common cardiovascular disease models (ischemia myocardial infarction and pressure-overload induced cardiac hypertrophy) were established. Each group rats were performed echocardiography detection at pre-operation and 1, 2, 4 weeks post-operation respectively. Meanwhile, normal rats were administrated the same experiment procedure. Results Each parameter of echocardiography increased along with time in normal rats because of physiological heart growth. In myocardial infarction rats, changes of heart mainly incarnated as structure remodeling and cardiac dysfunction, judged by a significant increase of left ventricle diameter and volume and a decrease of ejection fraction and shortening fraction. In cardiac hypertrophy rats, changes of heart were characterized as a significant increase of left ventricle wall thickness and a decrease of end-systolic volume, accompanied with a compensatory increase of cardiac function. Conclusion Non-invasive M type echocardiography can be used to evaluate cardiac structure and function of rats under normal and cardiovascular diseases condition and provide data reference for future rat studies on cardiovascular diseases.