体外充气复位法结合骨填充网袋植入术在无脊髓损伤胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折临床应用研究

目的:比较充气复位法结合骨填充网袋植入术与充气复位法结合椎体后凸成形术治疗无脊髓损伤胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效。方法:对2014年1月至2017年1月收治的160例无脊髓损伤胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析,男66例,女94例;年龄72～84岁,平均76.4岁。根据不同手术方式将所有病例分为两组,其中体外复位结合骨填充网袋植入术(治疗组)80例,体外复位结合椎体后凸成形术(对照组)80例。比较两组患者术中骨水泥渗漏率;术前与术后6个月对X线进行伤椎高度测量,评估伤椎高度丢失恢复情况;术前与术后2周、术后6个月、术后1年对腰背部疼痛和自身功能障碍进行随访时分别采用VAS评分和ODI评分。结果:治疗组术中发生骨水泥渗漏3例,渗漏率为3.75%(3/80);对照组骨水泥渗漏14例,渗漏率为17.5%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。所有患者获得随访,时间13～24个月,平均14.6个月。其中术后感染2例,均为浅表感染,经过使用口服抗生素及门诊换药后,感染均得以控制。术后6个月随访时,X线测量伤椎高度评分,治疗组高度恢复(5.12±1.31)%,对照组(14.11±1.17)%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);术后1年随访时,ODI评分治疗组4.03±1.62,对照组10.03±1.54,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);VAS评分治疗组1.03±0.62,对照组2.67±0.55,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:体外充气法复位结合骨填充网袋植入技术在治疗胸腰椎骨质疏松性爆裂骨折可明显降低术中骨水泥渗漏发生、有效提高伤椎高度复位、缓解腰背部疼痛,改善腰背部功能;但由于骨填充网袋价格昂贵,影响其临床普及推广。

Clinical application of extracorporeal pneumatic reduction combined with bone-filled mesh bag implantation for the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic burst fracture without spinal cord injury

Objective:To compare the clinical efficacy of pneumatic reduction combined with bone-filled mesh bag implantation and pneumatic reduction combined with kyphoplasty in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fracture without spinal cord injury.

Methods:The clinical data of 160 patients with thoracolumbar osteoporotic burst fracture without spinal cord injury treated from January 2014 to July 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 66 males and 94 females,aged from 72 to 84 years old with an average of 76.4 years old. The patients were divided into two groups according to different surgical methods,including 80 cases of pneumatic reduction combined with bone-filled mesh bag implantation(treatment group) and 80 cases of pneumatic reduction combined with kyphoplasty(control group). The intraoperative bone cement leakage rate was compared between two groups. The height of the injured vertebrae was measured by X-rays preoperatively and 6-month postoperatively in order to assess height loss of injured vertebrae. VAS score and ODI score were used for follow-up to assess lumbar back pain and autonomic dysfunction before surgery and 2 weeks,6 months,1 year after surgery.

Results:In treatment group,3 cases occurred bone cement leakage during operation and leakage rate was 3.75%(3/80);In control group,14 cases had cement leakage with leakage rate of 17.5%;The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). All patients were followed up for 13 to 24 months with an average of 14.6 months. Among them,2 cases occurred postoperative infections which were superficial infections. After oral antibiotics and outpatient treatment infections were controlled. At 6 months after surgery,the height of the injured vertebra was measured by X-ray. Treatment group recovered (5.12±1.31)% and control group recovered (14.11±1.17)%. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05). At 1 year after surgery,ODI score was 4.03±1.62 in treatment group and 10.03±1.54 in control group. The difference between two groups was statistically significant(P<0.05). VAS score was 1.03±0.62 in treatment group and 2.67±0.55 in control group. The difference between groups was statistically significant(P<0.05).

Conclusion:Extracorporeal pneumatic reduction combined with bone-filled mesh bag implantation technique can significantly reduce the occurrence of intraoperative cement leakage in the treatment of thoracolumbar osteoporotic burst fractures,effectively improve reposition of the injured vertebrae,relieve the pain and recover the function of lower back. However,high price of bone-filled mesh bags obstructs its clinical popularization.