结核分枝杆菌的临床和实验室诊断

结核病是危及我国人民健康的重大传染病之一，由于临床表现不典型，加之潜伏性结核感染以及结核耐药问题，导致我国结核病疫情防控形势依然严峻。对结核病及时准确的早期诊断是降低结核病发病率的有效措施。近年来，随着生物技术、分子生物学和免疫学的快速发展，极大地缩短了细菌学检查和结核菌药敏试验的时间，在此，阐述结核分枝杆菌的临床和实验室诊断最新研究进展，以提高临床诊断的敏感度和特异度，以更大范围地确定统一的诊断标准。

Cinical and laboratory diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) is a major infectious disease in our country. The untypical clinical manifestation of latent tuberculosis infection and the drug-resistance TB resulted in the serious situation of prevention and control. Early and accurate detection of TB is an effective means to reduce the incidence. With the rapid development of molecular biology and immunology, the time for bacteriology examination and drug sensitive test has been greatly shortened. This review summarizes clinical diagnosis, laboratory diagnosis and development of new diagnosis technology of TB. We hope it could help to improve the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis, and to determine the unified diagnostic criteria.