暴恐突发事件救治中的医院感染预防与控制措施分析

目的探讨暴恐突发事件救治中有效预防与控制医院感染的措施，分析暴恐突发事件成批爆炸伤伤员医院感染的特征。 方法选取新疆维吾尔自治区人民医院收治的19名爆炸伤伤员作为研究对象，在执行日常感染控制措施的基础上结合突发公共卫生事件发生的特点，落实人员物品管理、环境清洁与消毒、筛查医院获得性肺炎等有效的医院感染防控措施，分析伤员的抗菌药物使用情况、微生物标本送检情况以及伤员的医院感染率。 结果存在年龄60岁以上居多、全身多发性损伤、合并有基础疾病等多种医院感染危险因素，易发生医院感染；19名伤员经医疗救治后全部临床治愈出院，平均住院时间为(50.8±58.2)d，医院感染发病率为31.6%，以下呼吸道感染为主，占62.5%。抗菌药物使用率为63.2%(12/19)；微生物送检率为100%(12/12)。 结论突发事件伤员救治需及时分析伤员感染特点，完善并严格落实医院感染防控措施，以降低医院感染发生。

Analysis of nosocomial infection prevention and control strategy in the treatment of violence emergency

ObjectiveTo explore effective measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection, and to analyze the characteristics of nosocomial infection among patients injured in explosion in violent and terroristic emergencies. MethodsNinetheen patients injured in explosion and treated in the People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were selected as the research object. The measures to prevent and control nosocomial infection, including personnel and materials management, environment cleaning and disinfection, and screening of hospital acquired pneumonia, were carried out on the basis of daily infection control measures in combination with the characteristics of emergent public health events. The use of antibacterial agents, reports on microbiological specimens and nosocomial infection rate of patients were analyzed. ResultsThe risk factors of nosocomial infection include over 60 years old age, multiple injuries, presence of underlying diseases. All of the 19 patients were cured and discharged from hospital after medical treatment. Average hospitalization time was (50.8±58.2) d. Nosocomial infection rate of was 31.6%, with respiratory infection as the most common infection accounting for 62.5%; antibacterial drug utilization rate was 63.2% (12/19); microbial inspection rate was 100% (12/12). ConclusionThe treatment of patients injured in emergency requires timely analysis of the infection characteristics of the patients and improvement and strict implementation of the nosocomial infection prevention and control measures, in order to reduce occurrence rate of nosocomial infection.