神经干细胞移植的方法选择及其在脊髓损伤中的应用

脊髓损伤是一种创伤性中枢神经系疾病，常伴有脊髓损伤平面以下感觉、运动、自主神经功能丧失，常导致患者终身残疾，且并发症较多，甚至死亡。至今尚无有效的治疗方法从根本上修复已损伤的脊髓功能。神经干细胞具有自我更新、增殖和多向分化等潜能，其移植后可向神经元分化并替代已坏死的神经元，形成新的突触，重建神经通路促进脊髓功能的修复，为脊髓损伤患者的康复带来曙光。近年来许多科学家对神经干细胞进行基因修饰，基因调控，或联合其他细胞、生物材料以及改变移植时间、途径等多方面进行深入研究，来提高移植效率，虽然取得了长足的进展，但仍存在一些不足之处尚待进一步完善，如神经干细胞移植的途径、时机、次数的相关标准，移植细胞的免疫排斥、长期存活、定向分化，神经干细胞的来源及伦理，移植的安全性等。本文拟对神经干细胞移植方法，移植时间，移植途径进行综述，并对神经干细胞移植所存在的问题及应用前景进行展望。

Neural stem cell transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury

Spinal cord injury (sci) is a kind of traumatic central nervous system disease, which often accompanied by plane the following spinal cord injury sensory, motor and autonomic nerve function lost, lead to a lifelong disability complications to the patients. To date there is no effective treatment to repair the injured spinal cord. Neural stem cells have self-renewal, proliferation and multi-directional differentiation potential. They can differentiate to neurons after transplantation and replace the necrosis of neurons and finally format the new synapses and rebuild neural pathways to promote the repair of spinal cord function, bring patients with spinal cord injury rehabilitation. In recent years, many scientists have genetically modified neural stem cells. They controlled the gene regulation or the combination with other cells of neural stem cells to make biomaterials and transplantation time optional for patients, and finally improve the efficiency of transplantation. Many considerable progress have been achieved in this field, but there are still some deficiencies need to be improved, such as the transplantation pathways, the transplantation opportunity, the number of transplanted cells, the immune rejection, the transplantation source and ethics, transplantation safety etc. In this paper, we reviewed the methods of neural stem cell transplantation, the opportunity of transplantation, the way of transplantation, and the problems and application prospects of neural stem cell transplantation.