402例肝门部胆管癌临床分型、手术方式与远期疗效的综合分析

目的 综合分析肝门部胆管癌的临床分型、病理学特征、不同手术方式及其远期疗效,探讨影响肝门部胆管癌手术疗效及长期预后的相关因素。方法 对1993年1月至2004年12月402例肝门部胆管癌进行回顾分析,对其临床分型、病理特征、不同手术方式及随诊结果进行统计学分析。在Bismuth—Corlette分Ⅳ型的基础上,将来自于肝内大胆管的肝门部胆管癌增定为Ⅴ型（Ⅴa型,Ⅴb型）,并综合文献进行讨论。结果 402例患者中,行手术切除198例,其中根治性切除（R0）102例（占51．5％）,姑息性切除（R1、R2）96例（占48．5％）。同种异体原位肝移植手术8例,单纯引流术161例,未手术35例。术后1、3、5年生存率：根治性切除组分别为80．3％、41．9％和33．3％,姑息性切除组分别为53．2％、19．6％和14．7％,单纯引流组分别为26．7％、3．3％和0,未手术组分别为9．8％、0和0,根治性切除组和姑息性切除组生存率差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。切除组中淋巴结阴性者生存时间明显长于淋巴结阳性者（P〈0．05）。1例手术死亡（0．3％）,132例出现手术并发症（36．1％）。结论 源于肝内型的肝门部胆管癌Ⅴ型（Ⅴa型或Ⅴb型）有较高的手术根治切除率,预后也较好;肝门部胆管癌分化程度与手术预后明显相关,高分化组明显优于低分化组;肝门部胆管癌的治疗仍以手术切除为主,只有根治性切除才能获得最佳疗效,联合肝叶、血管、淋巴结等切除的扩大根治术可延长患者生存期。肝移植治疗对胆管癌术后高复发率的问题至今未能解决。

Surgical treatment of 402 consecutive cases for hilar cholangiocarcinoma: Chinese single center experience

OBJECTIVE: To analyze clinical typing, pathologic characteristics of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) and surgical strategies and their effects on HCCA, and to explore the factors that influence the surgical outcomes and long-term survival. METHODS: The data of the 402 patients with HCCA admitted between January 1993 and December 2004 was investigated retrospectively. Primary outcomes examined included clinical typing, pathologic characteristics, surgical procedures and follow-up results. On the basis of Bismuth-Corlette typing, we defined the tumor originated from intrahepatic large bile duct (LBD) as type V (type Va and Vb). RESULTS: Among the 402 patients with HCCA, 198 cases accepted curative resection, 102 (51.5%) for radical resection and 96 (48.5%) for palliative resection. Of the rest patients, 8 received orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), 161 received simple drainage and 35 were not operated on. The resection rates for typeI, II, IIIa, IIIb, IV, Va and Vb were 69.4%, 55.5%, 57.4%, 71.7%, 19.6%, 100% and 34.6%, respectively. The one-year survival rates for radical resection, palliative resection, simple drainage and untreated were 80.3%, 53.2%, 26.7% and 9.8%, respectively. And the three-year and five-year survival rates in the four groups were 41.9% and 33.3%, 19.6% and 14.7%, 3.3% and 0, 0 and 0, respectively. Significant difference was found in survival rates between the radical and palliative resection. In the patients who received tumor resection, the ones without lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) survived much longer than those with LNM (P < 0.05). Complications were found in 36.1% of the patients and the mortality rate was 0.3%. CONCLUSIONS: HCCA type V originated from intrahepatic LBD has higher resection rate and better prognosis. The tumor differentiation is significantly correlated with the prognosis after operation. With HCCA, resection is still the major treatment selection. Curative resection carries the best effect. Extended radical resection of liver lobes, blood vessels, lymph nodes can prolong survive. The problem of high recurrence rate after OLT for HCCA has not been solved yet.