汶川大地震后3个月四川省北川和理县6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养状况

目的 调查分析四川省北川、理县两个地震重灾区6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养状况.方法 测量了北川县擂鼓镇、曲山镇和理县杂谷脑镇、薛城镇和朴头乡478名6～23月龄婴幼儿的身长、体重和血红蛋白(Hb)水平,6～11、12～17、18～23月龄段婴幼儿分别为190、144、144名;分别计算年龄别体重(WAZ)、年龄别身长(HAZ)、身长别体重(WHZ);分析低体重率、生长迟缓率、消瘦率、贫血率情况.结果 6～23月龄男童和女童WAZ平均值分别为-0.97～-0.13、-0.67～-0.23,HAZ平均值分别为-1.23～-0.31、-1.25～-0.38;北川18～23月龄婴幼儿的WAZ(-0.89±1.16)和HAZ(-1.20±1.60)与6～11和12～17月龄婴幼儿差异具有统计学意义(WAZ分别为-0.32±0.92、-0.47±1.00,HAZ分别为-0.58±0.98、-0.68±1.34;F值分别为7.161、4.584,P值均＜0.05);理县18～23月龄婴幼儿的WAZ(-0.65±1.03)和HAZ(-1. 11±1.15)与6～11和12～17月龄的婴幼儿的差异具有统计学意义(WAZ分别为-0.23±0.93、-0.58±0.52,HAZ分别为-0.51±1.55、-0.80±1.19;F值分别为3.156、4.345,P值均＜0.05).北川和理县18～23月龄婴幼儿低体重率分别为15.6%(12/77)和9.1%(6/66);生长迟缓率分别为26%(20/77)和24.2%(16/66).北川18～23月龄婴幼儿的消瘦率达到了9.1%(7/77).北川、理县婴幼儿贫血率分别高达49.6%(123/248)和78.8%(178/226).中度贫血率达到7.7%(19/248)和19.9%(45/226).结论 震后北川、理县6～23月龄婴幼儿生长发育状况不佳;贫血率较高.18～23月龄婴幼儿的营养不良更为严重,应采用有针对性的营养干预.

The nutrition status of children aged 6-23 months after three months of Wenchuan Earthquake in Beichuan and Lixian, Sichuan Province

Objective This project aims to investigate the nutrition status of children aged from 6 to 23 months living in Beichuan and Lixian where were seriously affected by the earthquake in 2008. Methods The height, body weight and hemoglobin concentration were measured for 478 children from Leigu township,Qushan township in Beichuan county and Zagunao township, Xuecheng township and Putou township in Lixian county; the number of group 6 - 11,12 - 17, 18 -23 months were 190,144,144 respectively. The height for age (HAZ) ,the body weight for age (WAZ) and the weight for height (WHZ) were calculated respectively. The low weight, stunting, wasting prevalence, anemic rate were analyzed. Results The WAZ scores of 6- 23 months males and females in Beichuan county and Lixian county ranged from -0. 97 to -0. 13 and from -0.67 to -0.23,HAZ scores ranged from - 1.23 to -0.31 and from - 1.25 to -0. 38,respectively. The WAZ( -0. 89 ± 1.16) and HAZ( - 1.20 ± 1.60) of 18 - 23 months infants in Beichuan county were significantly different from the WAZ and HAZ of 6 - 11 months ( WAZ: - 0. 32 ± 0. 92;HAZ: -0. 58 ±0. 98) and 12 - 17 months ( WAZ: - 0. 47 ± 1.00; HAZ: - 0. 68 ± 1.34) infants (F values were 7. 161 and 4. 584,respectively;all P values ＜0. 05). The WAZ( -0. 63 ± 1.03) and HAZ ( -1.11 ±1.15) of 18 -23 months in Lixian county infants were significantly different from the WAZ and HAZ of 6-11 months (WAZ: -0.23 ±0.93; HAZ: -0.51 ±1.55) infants and 12 -17 months (WAZ:- 0. 58 ± 0. 52; HAZ: - 0. 80 ± 1.19) ( F values were 3.156,4. 345, all P values ＜ 0. 05 ). The prevalence of low weight infants ( 18 - 23 months) these two counties were 15.6% (12/77) and 9. 1% (6/66),respectively. The prevalence of stunting in Beichuan and Lixian have reached 26% ( 20/77 ) and 24. 2% (16/66), respectively. The wasting rate of 18 -23 months infants had reached 9. 1% (7/77) in Beichuan. The total anemia prevalence among infants reached 49. 6% ( 123/248 ) and 78. 8% ( 178/226 ) in Beichuan and Lixian, respectively. The prevalence of moderate anemia have reached 7.7% ( 19/248 ) and 19.9% (45/226) , respectively. Conclusion After the earthquake in Beichuan, Lixian, the growth of infants aged 6 to 23 months old was below average. The prevalence of anemia was high. The malnutrition status of infant and young children aged from 18 to 23 months in Beichuan and Lixian was more serious,should be targeted of nutrition interventions.