肛管的双平面超声声像图研究

目的 应用经直肠双平面超声识别肛管的结构.方法 取1例完整肛管直肠标本,穿刺针依次定位肛管各层肌肉,观察穿刺针在超声图像上所在的层次.再观察无肛管直肠及肛周疾病的患者50例,测量其肛管内括约肌、外括约肌、联合纵肌的厚度,并验证其肛管的超声图像特点与标本图像是否一致.最后把经直肠获得的肛管超声图像与肛管的MR图像相对照.50例患者根据年龄分为3组:25～40岁组,41～55岁组,＞55岁组.结果 通过实验,获得了肛管各层次在经直肠超声上的形态及回声特点.肛管的超声图像与MR图像具有一致性.三组的肛管内括约肌厚度分别为(0.19±0.03)cm、(0.22±0.02)cm、(0.24±0.03)cm,肛管外括约肌厚度分别为(0.44±0.03)cm、(0.49±0.04cm、(0.52±0.04)cm,联合纵肌厚度分别为(0.10±0.02)cm、(0.11±0.02)cm、(0.11±0.02)cm.结论 经直肠超声可以清楚地显示肛管的解剖结构,是一种无创、简便有效的检查肛管结构的方法.

Dual plane ultrasonography study of anal canal

Objective To identify anal canal structures by dual plane transrectal ultrasound. Methods One anorectal specimen was observed by ultrasonography when needles were placed in different anal muscle layers respectively. Fifty patients with no anorectal or perianal diseases were examined by transrectal ultrasound to verify the sonographic features of anal canal, meanwhile the inner and outer sphincters and longitudinal combination muscle were measured. The ultrasound images of anal canal were compared with MR images. Fifty patients were divided into three groups according to the age: 25- 40 years old, 41 -55 years old,and ＞55 years old. Results The sonographic features of anal canal structures by transrectal ultrasound were identified. Anal canal sonographic images and MR images had consistency. The thickness of inner sphincter in each group was (0.19 ± 0.03)cm, (0.22 ± 0.02)cm, (0.24 ± 0.03)cm respectively,while outer sphincter (0.44 ± 0.03)cm, (0.49 ± 0.04)cm, (0.52 ± 0.04)cm, and longitudinal combination muscle (0.10±0.02)cm,(0.11 ± 0.02)cm,(0.11 ± 0.02)cm. Conclusions Transrectal ultrasound is a simple,efficient and non-invasive method to examine anal canal which can identify anal canal structures clearly.