大学生人格特征及与心理健康的关系

背景:有关大学生心理问题的研究普遍认为大学生心理健康状况令人堪忧。目的:调查河南省高校大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系,分析其对有效开展心理健康教育的可行价值。设计:抽样调查。单位:河南职工医学院卫生管理系。对象:于2001-04/06在河南省内3所普通高校的农科、医学、理工、文科、艺术、体育等6类专业随机抽取被试1128人进行测查。方法:采用艾森克人格问卷(包括4个人格维度:内外向维度、神经质或情绪性维度、精神质维度和掩饰性维度)以及症状自评量表(包括90个条目,反映9个因子)对河南省高校1128名大学生进行集体测试。主要观察指标:①大学生人格特征与全国常模的比较。②大学生人格特征分类比较。③大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系。结果:剔除不完整答卷,回收回答规范问卷1100份。①大学生人格特征与全国常模的比较:男大学生人格情绪性和掩饰性维度评分显著高于全国常模(5.47±3.13,4.53±3.11;4.99±2.47,4.50±2.59,P<0.001);女大学生人格情绪性、精神质以及掩饰性维度分值均显著高于全国常模(2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P<0.05～0.001)。②大学生人格特征分类比较:6类不同专业学生在人格4个维度上均表现出显著性差异(P<0.05～0.001)。农科学生的精神质维度分值最高(3.44±1.97),体育类学生内外向维度分值最高(8.27±2.45),而情绪性维度分值以文科学生为高(5.99±3.24)。男女学生之间艾森克人格问卷评分结果的比较分析发现,除掩饰性维度前者明显低于后者外(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P<0.05),其余各维度差异不大;城乡学生之间,农村学生内外向维度分显著低于城市学生(7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P<0.05);低年级(一、二年级)学生与高年级(三、四年级)学生相比,仅掩饰性维度分前者显著高于后者(5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P<0.01);此外,学生干部的内外向维度分显著高于非学生干部(8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P<0.001)。③大学生人格特征与心理健康的关系:大学生人格内外向维度和掩饰性维度与症状自评量表各因子呈显著负相关(P<0.01～0.001),而情绪性维度与症状自评量表各因子呈显著正相关(P<0.001),精神质维度与躯体化、敌对、恐怖以及偏执4个因子呈显著正相关(P<0.05～0.01)。结论:大学生人格特征与其心理健康有着极为密切的内在联系。大学生人格的内倾性、情绪不稳定性和精神质特征对其心理健康状况有着不良影响。不同专业、性别、年级和城乡学生及学生干部与非干部之间,其人格特征存在一定差异。

Relationship between personality and mental health in undergraduates

BACKGROUND: The psychological researches on undergraduates popularly believe that status of mental health of undergraduates can be worried.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between personality and mental health of undergraduates in Henan province, and analyze the feasible value of developing mental health education effectively.DESIGN: Sampling investigation.SETTING: Department of Health Administration, Henan Medical College for Staff and WorkersPARTICIPANTS: 1 128 students from 3 university and colleges in Henan province, whose majors were agriculture, medical science, sciences,literal arts, arts and physical education, etc., were enrolled randomly in this study between April and June 2001.METHODS: Group test was performed in 1 128 students from higher learning schools of Henan province test with Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) including 4 dimensions: Extraversion (E), Neuroticism (N),Psychoticism (P), and Social Desirability (L)] and Symptom Checklist90(SCL-90) (90 items, 9 dimensions).MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Comparison of personality characteristics between undergraduates and national norms. ② Classified comparison of personality characteristics of undergraduates. ③ Relationship between personality characteristics and mental health of undergraduates.RESULTS: Incomplete questionnaires were excluded, and 1 100 qualified questionnaires were collected. ① Comparison of personality between undergraduates and national norms: Scores on N and L of EPQ in male undergraduates were higher significantly than those of the national norms (5.47 ±3.13,4.53 ±3.11 ;4.99 ±2.47,4.50 ±2.59,P ＜ 0.001 ).Scores on N, P and L of EPQ in female undergraduates were all higher remarkably than those of the national norms (2.97±1.71,2.68±1.82;5.68±3.08,4.97±2.96;5.32±2.46,4.74±2.48,P ＜ 0.05-0.001). ②Classified comparison of personality in undergraduates: There were obvious differences on the 4 dimensions of EPQ in students of 6 different specialties (P ＜ 0.05-0.001 ). Scores on P in agricultural students were the highest (3.44±1.97); Scores on E in students of physical education were the highest (8.27±2.45), while scores on N in literate arts students were highest (5.99±3.24). Male students'scores on L were lower markedly than female students'(4.99±2.47,5.32±2.46,P ＜ 0.05).Scores on E in students from cities were lower significantly than those in students from countrysides (7.54±2.73,7.93±2.63,P ＜ 0.05). Between lower grade (freshman year and sophomore year) and higher grade (junior year and senior year), only scores on L in the former were high er significantly than those in the latter (5.42±2.44,5.01±2.48,P ＜ 0.01 ).Moreover, scores on E in student cadres were higher apparently thanthose in non-student cadres (8.42±2.61,7.42±2.68,P ＜ 0.001). ③Relationship of personality and mental health in undergraduates: E and L of personality dimension in undergraduates had obviously negative correlation with every factor of SCL-90 (P ＜ 0.01-0.001 )while N had significant positive correlation with every factor of SCL90 (P ＜ 0.001),and P had significant positive correlation with somatization, hostility,phobic anxiety and paranoid ideation (P ＜ 0.05-0.01 ).CONCLUSION: Personality of undergraduates have extremely close internal correlation with their mental health. Introversion, emotional instability and psychoticism of personality of undergraduates have side effects on their psychological health. There are some differences of personality characteristics in different specialty, sex, grade, native place (city or countryside),cadre or non-cadre students.