诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发后环境中病毒检测情况分析

目的 了解诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发后,病例临床症状消失、末例病例发病日期经过最长潜伏期(72 h)且无续发病例的情况下,病例家庭环境及外环境水标本中病毒存在情况.方法 在末例病例发病日期经过最长潜伏期(72h)后,采集病例肛拭标本、家庭环境标本、外环境水标本,采用RT-PCR方法 检测病毒,阳性标本测序分析.结果 9份病例肛拭标本中3份呈阳性;46份家庭环境拭子中2份呈阳性,分别是来自两户已无现症病例的家庭厕所马桶表面;5份外环境水标本中1份呈阳性,即村民粪便直接排入的河涌.病例肛拭、家庭环境拭子及河涌水三者检出的病毒株核苷酸序列一致,提示病毒同源.结论 诺如病毒胃肠炎暴发后期,病例肛拭、病例家庭环境及外环境水标本中仍能检出病毒,因此有必要加强病例的粪便管理及疫情后期的环境消毒,以防粪便污染引起二代病例.

An epidemiological study on the norovirus detected in the field environment after an outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis

Objective To study the status of norovirus in environment of the patient's residence and water samples after a norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak, to provide evidences for the development of strategies for prevention and control of the disease. Methods After a norovirus gastroenteritis outbreak, anus swabs from the patient, swabs from the household environment and the water samples were collected to detect the norovirus by RT-PCR methods. Sequencing analysis was conducted on those positive specimens. Results Three specimens of the anus swabs from 9 patients and 2 samples of the 46 house environment swabs were positive to the virus. The latter were from the surface of water-closets of two families that the illness were asymptomatic. Among 5 water samples, only one was positive, which was the rivulet water that the feces of the villagers evacuated directly. Results showed that the sequences of the virus detected from the anus swabs of the patients, the swabs from the household environment and the samples of the rivulet water belonged to the same species. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen activities as supervision and disinfection to the feces of the patients, especially on monitoring the feces that might have contaminated the water during the noroviru gastroenteritis outbreak.