潜水员心理健康与相关因素的研究

目的:调查潜水员的心理健康状况及其与个性、防御机制的关系。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)、卡特尔16种个性因素问卷(16PF)和防御方式问卷(DSQ)对414名海军潜水员进行团体测验。结果:潜水员SCL-90的9项因子分均低于常模,与6种个性因素相关显著(P<0.01),与3种个性因素相关不显著(P>0.05),其余7种个性因素则与SCL-90的部分因子相关显著。潜水员主要应用成熟防御机制,不成熟和中间型防御机制与SCL-90的因子分之间相关显著。结论:潜水员心理健康状况良好,受个性和防御机制的影响较大。培养良好的个性和积极的防御机制将有助于维护心理健康,有利于顺利完成水下作业任务。

Research on mental health and related factors in divers

Objective:To investigate the mental health of divers and its relationships with personality and defense mechanism. Methods: Four hundred and fourteen naval divers were tested in group with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), Cattell Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16PF) and Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ). Results: All 9 factor scores on SCL-90 of divers were lower than those of the norm. Among 16 personality factors, 6 correlated significantly with 9 factors of SCL-90, 3 didnot, and the rest 7 correlated significantly with part of factors of SCL-90. Most divers applied mature defense. Immature and intermediate defenses correlated significantly with factor scores of SCL-90. Conclusion: Chinese Navy divers are normal in mental health, which is notably affected by personality and defense mechanism. To develop appropriate personality and active defense mechanism is conductive to mental health and success in profession.