Smoking and Sleep Disorders |
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| Authors: | Catalina Balaguer Alexander Palou Alberto Alonso-Fernández |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Interventional Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116021, China;2. Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University), Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China;3. Department of Radiology, Hubei Cancer Hospital, 116 Zhuodaoquan Southern Road, Hongshan District, Wuhan, 430079, China;4. Department of Parasitology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, 9 South Lvshun Road Western Section, Dalian 116044, Liaoning, China;1. Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson;2. Arizona Respiratory Center, University of Arizona, Tucson;3. BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson;4. Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, University of Arizona, Tucson;5. Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Mass;6. CREAL Centre and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain;1. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH;2. Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Center for Reducing Health Disparities, MetroHealth Campus of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH;1. Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung City, Taiwan;2. Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK;3. Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan;4. Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan;1. Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;2. Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;3. Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;4. Center for Research Informatics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;5. Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois |
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| Abstract: | Snoring and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) are two disorders of considerable relevance due to their high prevalence in the general population and their notable morbidity and mortality, particularly in association with their harmful effects on the cardiovascular system. As well as sex, age, weight, craniofacial malformations, alcohol consumption, and use of hypnotic drugs, it has been suggested that smoking may be a risk factor for developing sleep-disordered breathing. While there is solid evidence for the independent association between snoring and smoking in both children and adults, it is still unclear whether smoking constitutes an independent risk factor for developing SAHS, despite the many studies carried out to assess this link. This is probably because the association, if it exists, is very weak. |
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