大地震初期紧急医疗救援要点：绵竹现场抢救工作经验

5．12汶川地震后，唐山红十字医疗救护队急赴四川绵竹地震灾区进行救援工作。从灾区现场工作中总结出以下经验：地震灾区医疗救援队的组成人员应以外科、骨科医师和护士为主，应选择年龄相对较轻、体质较好的人员；伤情分类、分级制度必须坚持；就地取材，应用硬塑料板、硬纸板等进行伤肢固定时要注意消毒；注意彻底清创；使用最多的抗菌药物包括头孢菌素类和喹诺酮类，避免应用可能损害肾功能的药物，镇痛药物主要选用非甾体类药物，如布洛芬；必要的心理干预在地震初期救援中发挥了重要的作用。

Gist of emergent medical rescue in early stage of earthquake: experience obtained from the on-the-spot rescue in Mianzhu

After the Wenchuan earthquake, a Tangshan Red Cross Medical Rescue Team was dispatched immediately to the earthquake-stricken area in Mianzhu City. The following experience was summarized during the on-the-spot rescue. The key personnel in medical rescue team during earthquake should mainly include surgeons, orthopedists, and surgical nurses, especially those who are relatively young and with good stamina. Triage and grading system of the wound conditions must be adhered to. It is unavoidable to draw materials, such as plastic boards and cardboards as fixation instruments, from local resources. However, sterilization has to be emphasized. Debridement should be conducted thoroughly. The most used antibiotics include cephalosporin and quinolones. Drugs that may damage, the renal functions should be avoided. When analgesics should be used, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, for example ibuprofen, should be considered first. Psychological intervention is very important among the patients during disaster.