Generation of a Chimeric Mouse Reconstituted with Green Fluorescent Protein-Positive Bone Marrow Cells: A Useful Model for Studying the Behavior of Bone Marrow Cells in Regeneration In Vivo

Studies have indicated that bone marrow contains both hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells that can differentiate into a variety of mesenchymal tissues, such as bone, cartilage, muscle, and adipose tissue. Therefore, bone marrow cells are thought to be very useful for cell and gene therapy for various diseases. However, the multipotentiality of these cells remains unclear. To address this issue, we established a chimeric model mouse stably reconstituted with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-marked bone marrow cells. We injected bone marrow cells from GFP-transgenic C57BL/6 mice into the tail veins of recipient wild-type C57BL/6 mice that had been irradiated with a lethal dose of 10 Gy from a cesium source. Microscopic examination and fluorescence-assisted cell sorter (FACS) analysis showed that bone marrow cells, including mesenchymal cells, were almost completely reconstituted with GFP+ cells 5 weeks after transplantation. FACS analysis with lineage-specific antibodies confirmed that the GFP+ cells could differentiate into all types of blood cells. To confirm the usefulness of this mouse model, we studied the role of circulating bone marrow-derived cells in healing of damaged intestine. We performed amputation and anastomosis of the jejunum 10 cm from the pyloric region of the stomach. On the third day after operation, a large number of GFP+ cells were infiltrated in the area of anastomosis, and these cells were positive for CD45 and F4/80 antigens. In 7 days, several cells became negative for CD45 and F4/80 and positive for alpha smooth muscle actin antigen, which is specific for smooth muscle. This finding suggested that bone marrow-derived cells had differentiated into smooth muscle. Because reconstituted bone marrow cells as opposed to injected bone marrow cells, behave naturally, this model is ideal for studying the multipotentiality of bone marrow cells in vivo.