职业病患者社会支持与心理健康的相关性研究

目的 研究职业病患者的社会支持与心理健康状况及其之间的相关性,为提高职业病患者的心理健康水平提供决策依据。 方法 采用社会支持评定量表(SSRS)和症状自评量表(SCL-90)对135例职业病住院患者的社会支持、心理健康状况及其影响因素进行研究,运用SPSS 19.0软件对调查数据进行统计学处理。 结果 135例职业病患者SCL-90的平均总分为(178.56 ±66.96)分,9项因子平均分最小值为(1.72 ±0.73)分,最大为(2.25 ±1.01)分。总分和9项因子分均高于国内常模,各项得分在两者之间比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、客观支持、主观支持及支持利用度得分均低于国内常模(P<0.01)。男性职业病患者的各项得分均高于女性患者(P<0.05或0.01),年龄大的职业病患者的各项得分均高于年龄小的患者(P<0.05或0.01),工伤医疗组和单位支付组各项得分均高于自费组(P<0.05),学历高的职业性病患者在客观支持上得分高于学历低的患者(P<0.05或0.01),已婚组获得的社会支持总分、主观支持、客观支持得分都高于未婚组及离异或丧偶组(P<0.05),重度病情的职业病患者在社会支持总分、客观支持得分上高于中、轻度两组患者(P<0.01),家庭收入低的患者在其社会支持总分、客观支持、支持利用度上的得分低于家庭收入高的患者(P<0.05或0.01)。职业病患者的社会支持总分、主观支持得分与其躯体化、强迫症状、人际关系敏感、焦虑、恐怖、偏执等因子均呈负相关(P<0.05或0.01)。 结论 职业病患者获得的社会支持较低,与其心理健康状况差有一定的相关性,应引起我们注意。

Correlation between social support and mental health status among patients with occupational diseases

Objective To observe the mental health status of patients with occupational diseases ,to explore the relation related to the social support and furthermore improve their mental health level. Methods The social support and mental health status and related influencing factors were studied by SSRS Scale and SCL-90 Scale among 135 hospitalized patients with occupational diseases. Results The average total score of SCL-90 was （ 178.56± 66.96）among these patients,while the minimum score of the 9 psychosis factors was （1.72 ± 0.73）and the maximum was （2.25 ± 1.01 ）. These scores were significantly higher than the reported national reference values（P 〈 0.01 ）.The average total score of social support and the average scores of objective support, subjective support and using-support degrees were remarkably lower than the reported national reference values （P 〈 0.01 ）.The variations of one or more scores of objective support,subjective support,using-support degrees,and the total scores of social support were observed among different subgroups,such as gender （male patients vs female patients,P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ）;medical payment mode （free medical care vs private medical care, P 〈 0.05）;education degree （highly-educated vs lowly-educated,P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ）; marital status （married vs unmarried, divorced and widowed, P 〈 0.05）; state of illness （the severe vs the moderate and the mild,P 〈 0.01 ）and family-income （ low vs high,P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ）. The total scores of social support and the scores of objective support were correlative negatively to the following factors including somatization,obsession,sensitivity of interpersonal relationship,anxiety,fear,and crankiness （P 〈 0.05 or 0.01 ）. Conclusion The patients with occupational diseases got less social supports and had poor mental health condition. The social support was correlated strongly to the patients~ mental health. We should give more attention to the mental health condition of these patients.