Multicomponent treatment for blood-injury-injection phobia in a young man with mental retardation |
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| Authors: | Hagopian L P Crockett J L Keeney K M |
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| Affiliation: | The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. Hagopian@kennedykrieger.org |
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| Abstract: | Blood-Injury-Injection Phobia (BIIP) is a subtype of specific phobia, characterized by fear and avoidance of seeing blood, an injury, or receiving an injection. In the current case report, we describe the treatment of BIIP in a young man with mental retardation. The multicomponent treatment consisted of fading (graduated exposure), modeling, noncontingent and differential reinforcement, presession anxiolytic medication, and topical analgesic cream. |
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