药物控释载体材料的性质

学术背景：将药物或其他的活性物质与适当的载体按一定的形式制成的药物控释制剂己成为药学领域的重要发展方向，然而不同性质的药物载体材料具有不同的药物释放行为，为了获得令人满意的释药速率，新型药物载体材料的研究成为近年来的研究重点。目的：介绍几种用作药物载体的材料，分析材料的性质及其在药物控释中的应用。检索策略：由该论文作者应用计算机检索中国期刊全文数据库1998—01／2007—06的相关文献，检索词：“高分子水凝胶，聚乳酸，壳聚糖，丝素蛋白，药物控释，药物载体”，限定文章语言种类为中文。纳入标准：①不同类型药物载体材料的制备及性能：②不同类型药物载体材料的药物控释性研究。排除标准：较陈旧的文献。文献评价：共检索到86篇相关文章，28篇符合标准，其中10篇为综述，其余为临床或基础实验研究。资料综合：①目前用作药物载体的材料主要包括高分子凝胶、聚乳酸（PLA），乳酸-羟基乙酸（PLGA）、壳聚糖及其衍生物、丝素蛋白等。②智能高分子水凝胶对温度、酸度、压力、光等引起的刺激，能及时地作出溶胀和收缩应答的智能效应，这种特殊的环境敏感性使它被广泛地应用于药物缓释体系。③聚乳酸和聚乳酸-羟基乙酸是一种生物可降解高分子材料，具有生物相容性、生物可降解性、降解产物无毒等优点，用作药物控释载体材料时，可通过调节聚乳酸的降解速率改变释放速率，提高药效。④壳聚糖具有很好的吸附性、成膜性和通透性，较低相对分子质量的水溶性壳聚糖更易在体内降解，不易积聚，以壳聚糖为载体材料制备纳米粒、微球等给药系统是近年来的研究热点。⑤天然高分子材料丝素蛋白无毒、无刺激，具有良好的物理、化学、生物学性能，与人体有较好的组织相?

Characteristics of controlled release drug carrier materials

BACKGROUND： Drug-controlled release preparation by drugs or other active substances combined with carriers, has been an important development trend in field of pharmacy. However different characteristics of controlled release drug carrier materials leas to different drug release behaviors, so recent researches focus on a new type of drug carrier material to obtain the satisfactory drug release. OBJECTIVE： To introduce some drug carrier materials, and analyze those materials＇ characteristics and their application on drug controlled-release. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY： A computer-based search was undertaken on China Journal Full-text Database from January 1998 to June 2007, with the key words of ＂polymeric hydrogel, polylactic acid, chitosan, silk fibroin, drug controlled-release, drug carrier＂ and language was limited to Chinese. Inclusion criteria： 1.preparations and characteristics of various drug carrier materials;2.drug controlled release of various drug carrier materials. Exclusion criteria： outdated literatures. LITERATURE EVALUATION： Eighty-six related articles were screened out, and 28 of them met the criteria, including 10 were reviews and others were clinical or basic experiments. DATA SYNTHESIS： 1.At present, the materials applied for drug carrier include polymeric hydrogel, polylactic acid/poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）, chitosan and their derivates, silk fibroin and so on.2.Intellectual polymeric hydrogel can respond swelling and contraction for the stimulation of temperature, acidity, pressure and light, etc. And the specific environment sensitiveness enlarges its application in drug delivery system.3.Polylactic acid and poly（lactic-co-glycolic acid）, as a kind of biodegradable polymer materials, represent biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxic degradation products. As for controlled release drug carrier material, it can influence drug release by modulating degradation of polylactic acid, so as to increase drug efficacy.4.Chitosan is satisfactory in adsorbability, film fo