广东省13所SARS收治医院消毒情况调查分析

为了解消毒在控制SARS医院感染过程中的作用与地位,采用实地考察和问卷调查的方式,对广东13所SARS收治医院所采用的消毒剂、消毒方法、消毒器械及医护人员感染情况进行了调查。结果,在5所SARS零感染的医院中,于SARS流行初期均采用化学消毒剂对室内空气和医护人员手进行消毒,有4所医院对室内空气采用气溶胶喷雾消毒;有4所医院采用物理消毒和环境通风;有2所医院采用机械通风;有3所医院对医护人员的口腔、鼻腔及眼结膜进行了消毒保护。在发生SARS感染的8所医院中,于收治SARS病人时,有5所医院未开展空气消毒,6所医院未进行手的消毒;8所医院均未注意环境通风,有1所医院采用中央空调导致严重感染。对皮肤黏膜未进行消毒防护的4所医院,医护人员SARS感染发生率均在20%左右;有6所医院消毒时未使用消毒喷具。结论,SARS流行初期即进行全面消毒,可有效控制医院内感染的发生;采用物理消毒和有效的通风,同时对医护人员口腔、鼻腔、眼结膜及手进行消毒与防护是控制SARS医院感染的重要措施。

SURVEY AND ANALYSIS OF DISINFECTION CONDITION IN 13 SARS HOSPITALS OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE

In order to know the role and position of disinfection in the course of control of SARS nosocomial infection, on-the-spot investigation and questionaire were used to survey the condition of disinfectants used, disinfection methods, disinfection devices and infection of medical and nursing staffs in 13 SARS hospitals of Guangdong Province. Results: In 5 hospitals without SARS infection, chemical disinfectants were used for disinfection of indoor air and hands of medical and nursing staffs during the initial stage of SARS epidemic. Aerosol spraying disinfection of indoor air was used in 4 hospitals, physical disinfection and environmental ventilation were used in 4 hospitals, mechanical ventilation was used in 2 hospitals and disinfection protection of oral cavity, nasal cavity and conjunctiva of medical and nursing stafts was used in 3 hospitals. In 8 hospitals with occurrence of SARS infection, air disinfection was not carried out during admission of SARS patients in 5 hospitals, hand disinfection was not performed in 6 hospitals, care was not taken for environmental ventilation in 8 hospitals and central air conditioning was used in 1 hospital, leading to severe infection. In 4 hospitals without using disinfection protection of skin and mucous membrane, the incidence of SARS infection of medical and nursing staffs was about 20%. Disinfection sprayer was not used during disinfection in 6 hospitals. Conclusions: Comprehensive disinfection during initial stage of SARS epidemic can effectively control the occurrence of nosocomial infection. Physical disinfection and effective ventilation as well as disinfection and protection of oral carity, nasal cavity, conjunctiva and hand of medical and nursing staffs are important measures for control of SARS nosocomial infection.