Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate Treatment for Lithium Toxicity: Effects on Serum Potassium Concentrations |
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Authors: | James G Linakis PhD MD Keith M Hull PhD Peter G Lacouture PhD Gregory R Lockhart MD William J Lewander MD Timothy J Maher PhD |
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Institution: | Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, Departments of Pediatrics (JGL GRL, WJL) and Emergency Medicine (JGL PGL GRL WJL);Brown University School of Medicine, Providence, RI (JGL PGL, GRL WJL);the Rhode Island Poison Center, Providence, RI (JGL WJL);and the Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Sciences, Boston, MA (KMH, TJM). |
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Abstract: | Objective: To examine the effects of sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS) on serum potassium (K) concentrations in mice pretreated with parenteral lithium (Li). Methods: A placebo–controlled murine model trial of SPS therapy following IV Li was performed. Sixty male CD–I mice weighing 18–22 g were administered either IV LiCl (125 mg/kg) or a control solution (normal saline). Half of the mice in each of these groups were then given orogastric water 20, 40, 90, 150, and 210 minutes after LiCl or normal saline; the other half received SPS (5 g/kg/dose) at equivalent times. Subgroups of each of these four groups were sacrificed at one, two, and six hours after pretreatment and the serum was analyzed for K concentration. Serum K concentrations for the various groups were compared with analysis of variance and Newman–Keuls tests for the comparison of multiple means. Results: A statistically significant reduction of serum K concentrations occurred in the animals that received SPS treatment following either IV saline or LiCl solutions. The degree of K reduction that resulted from the combination of LiCl and SPS treatment (35% reduction at six hours, compared with the placebo–treated controls) was larger than that which resulted from eimer IV Li with oral water (15% reduction) or IV saline with oral SPS (20% reduction). Conclusions: These findings suggest that development of hypokalemia may represent a potential limitation in the use of SPS in the treatment for Li toxicity. |
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Keywords: | toxicology poisoning lithium potassium cation exchange resins mice |
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