随州市慢性病行为危险因素流行病学调查

目的了解随州市慢性非传染性疾病流行病学特征、行为和主要危险因素。方法培训医务人员逐户调查、检查、复查确诊后登记;对死亡和慢性病危险因素进行了调查。结果居民死因顺位依次为心血管疾病、肿瘤、损伤与中毒、慢性呼吸道疾病、消化道疾病、车祸、泌尿生殖系统疾病、精神系统疾病和先畸;高血压患病率为14.66%、慢阻肺2.21%、冠心病1.62%、糖尿病1.29%、脑卒中0.80%、恶瘤0.34%;性别间高血压女性高于男性(P0.005),慢阻肺男性高于女性(P0.005),肿瘤女性高于男性(P0.05),冠心病和糖尿病经统计学处理差异无统计学意义(P0.25、0.10);各种慢性病均随着年龄的高移发病率明显上升;主要危险因素中超重、吸烟和饮酒均为男性高于女性(P0.005),肥胖经统计学处理差异无统计学意义(P0.1)。结论加强健康教育和行为干预,使民众改变不良生活和行为方式是降低慢性病发病和死亡的关键。

Epidemiological Investigation of Chronic Disease Behavioral Risk Factors in Suizhou

Objective To know the epidemiological characteristics, behaviors and major risk factors of chronic and non - infectious diseases in Suizhou. Methods Trained medical professionals investigated door - to- door and registered after recheck and confirmed diagnosis. The risk factors of death and chronic diseases were investigated. Results The rank order of causes of death in the residents was cardiovascular disease, tumor, injury and poisoning, chronic respiratory diseases, diseases of alimentary canal, traffic accident, diseases of genitourinary system, diseases of nervous system and malfonnation. The incidence rates of hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, coronary disease, sugar diabetes, cerebrovascular disorders and cancer were 14.66%, 2.21%, 1.62%, 1.29%, 0.80%, and 0.34%, respectively. The incidence rates of hypertension and tumor in females were higher than these in males （P〉0.00.5, P〉0.05）, while the incidence rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in males was higher than that in females （P 〉0. 005）. No statistically significant difference was found in the incidence rates of coronary disease and sugar diabetes between males and females （P〉0.25, P 〉0.10）. The incidence rates of chronic diseases were significantly increased with age. The main risk factors, including over- weight, smoking and drinking in males were higher than those in females （P 〉0. 005）. NO statistically significant difference was found in obesity between males and females （ P 〉 0.1 ）. Conclusion Strengthen health education and intervention which make the masses change unhealthy lifestyle and behaviors are the key to reduce the incidence of chronic diseases and death.