2004-2005年中国CHINET鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性分析

目的监测2004-2005年中国不同地区7所教学医院临床分离鲍曼不动杆菌的耐药性。方法收集从患者分离的非重复鲍曼不动杆菌1787株,在各监测点采用纸片扩散法测定菌株对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦等13种抗菌药物的敏感性,数据采用WHONET5.3软件分析。结果鲍曼不动杆菌对亚胺培南和美罗培南敏感率最高,分别为65.1%和56.8%。其次为头孢哌酮-舒巴坦和氨苄西林-舒巴坦,敏感率分别为43.5%和39.2%。其他抗菌药物的敏感率均在2.2%～34%。2种碳青霉烯类药物和2种含舒巴坦制剂的敏感性具有明显的一致性。特定药物在不同地区的敏感率有较大差异。对亚胺培南不敏感的菌株除对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦和氨苄西林-舒巴坦耐药率分别为52.1%和76.8%外,对其他药物耐药率均在80%以上。而对亚胺培南敏感的菌株,除对美罗培南、头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、氨苄西林-舒巴坦耐药率分别仅为11%、12.5%和29.1%,对其他抗菌药物的耐药率均在40%以上。结论碳青霉烯类抗生素仍是对鲍曼不动杆菌抗菌活性最高的药物,但对碳青霉烯类耐药的鲍曼不动杆菌(CRAB)已达43.1%,并在部分地区造成医院内流行。头孢哌酮-舒巴坦对鲍曼不动杆菌抗菌活性仅次于碳青霉烯类,且中介率较高,尤其对CRAB是敏感率最高的药物。

CHINET surveillance of antimicrobial resistance among A. baumannii isolates in China during 2004-2005

Objective To investigate the antimicrobial resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from 7 teaching hospitals at different cities in China from 2004 to 2005.Methods A total of 1 787 nonduplicate A.baumannii isolates were collected.The antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by disk diffusion method in every center.All the data were analyzed by WHONET 5.3 software.Results Imipenem(65.1% susceptible)and meropenem(56.8% susceptible)were the most active agents against A.baumannii,followed by cefoperazone-sulbactam(43.5% susceptible,30.1% intermediate)and ampicillin-sulbactam(39.2% susceptible,16.3% intermediate).The susceptibility rate of A.baumannii to other antimicrobial agents ranged from 2.2% to 34%.Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern varied in different cities.About 52.1% and 76.8% of the imipenem non-susceptible strains were also resistant to cefoperazone-sulbactam or ampicillin-sulbactam,respectively.More than 81% were resistant to any of the other antimicrobial agents.Imipenem-susceptible strains also showed lower resistance to meropenem(11%),cefoperazone-sulbactam(12.5%)and ampicillin-sulbactam(29.1%),but higher resistance to other antimicrobial agents(41.6%-58.4%).Conclusions Carbapenems are still the most active agent against A.baumannii.However,nearly 43.1% of A.baumannii strains are resistant to carbapenems.Such resistant strains are prevalent in some regions.Cefoperazone-sulbactam is the second most active agent against A.baumannii only next to carbapenems,especially for carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB).