Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Reduces Secondary Hyperalgesia Induced by low Frequency Electrical Stimulation in Healthy Volunteers |
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| Institution: | 2. Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;3. Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom;4. School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia;5. Institute for Musculoskeletal Health, The University of Sydney and Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, Australia;6. School of Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia;11. Nepean Blue Mountains Local Health District, NSW, Australia;12. Centre for Pain, Health and Lifestyle, Australia;8. School of Allied Health, Exercise and Sports Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia;9. School of Health Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia;2. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana;3. Department of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children''s Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan;4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;2. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, Indiana;3. Department of Pediatrics and Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, C.S. Mott Children''s Hospital, Ann Arbor, Michigan;4. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia;2. Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;3. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan;2. Department of Community Dentistry and Behavioral Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;3. Pain Research and Intervention Center of Excellence, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;4. Department of Behavioral Nursing Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;5. Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;11. Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida;12. Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;8. Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama;9. Department of Aging & Geriatric Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the study was to determine whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) reduced pain and signs of central sensitization induced by low frequency electrical stimulation in healthy volunteers. Thirty-nine participants received tDCS stimulation under 4 different conditions: anodal tDCS of the primary motor cortex (M1), anodal tDCS of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anodal tDCS over M1 and DLPFC concurrently, and sham tDCS. Participants were blind to the tDCS condition. The order of the conditions was randomized among participants. Pain ratings to pinpricks, the current level that evoked moderate pain, and pain induced by low frequency electrical stimulation were assessed in the forearm by an experimenter who was blind to the tDCS conditions. Anodal tDCS at M1 increased the current level that evoked moderate pain compared to sham and other conditions. Anodal tDCS of DLPFC completely abolished secondary hyperalgesia. Unexpectedly, however, concurrent anodal tDCS over M1 and DLPFC did not reduce pain or hyperalgesia more than M1 alone or DLPFC alone. Overall, these findings suggest that anodal tDCS over M1 suppresses pain, and that anodal tDCS over DLPFC modulates secondary hyperalgesia (a sign of central sensitization) in healthy participants.PerspectiveAnodal transcranial current stimulation (atDCS) at the left motor cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex increased the electrically-evoked pain threshold and reduced secondary hyperalgesia in healthy participants. Replication of this study in chronic pain populations may open more avenues for chronic pain treatment. |
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