Food Insecurity and Functional Disability Among Older Adults in Ghana: The Role of Sex and Physical Activity |
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| Affiliation: | 1. African Health and Aging Research Center (AHaARC), Winneba, Ghana;2. School of Health Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia;3. Center for Women’s Health Research, Hunter Medical Research Institutes, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia;4. Department of Health Policy, Planning and Management, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana;5. Programa Centro Salud Pública, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago, Santago, Chile;6. Millennium Institute for Caregiving Research (MICARE), Santiago, Chile;1. Division of Community Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;2. Division of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;3. Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;4. Department of Artificial Intelligence and Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;5. Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA;1. School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;2. Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;3. Medical School, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia;4. Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia;5. Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia;6. Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia;1. Department of Preventive Medicine and Population Health, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA;2. Sealy Center on Aging, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA;3. Department of Economics, Farmer School of Business, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA;4. Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA;5. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA;6. Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, USA;7. Geriatrics & Extended Care Data Analysis Center (GECDAC), Canandaigua VA Medical Center, Canandaigua, NY, USA;1. Hinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, MA, USA;2. Division of Gerontology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;3. MGH Institute of Health Professions, Boston, MA, USA;4. Meyers Primary Care Institute, Worcester, MA, USA;5. Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA;1. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;2. Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia;1. Center for Gerontology and Healthcare Research, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA;2. Department of Health Services, Policy & Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA;3. Department of General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA;4. US Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA;5. Warren Alpert School of Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA |
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| Abstract: | ObjectivesWe examined the associations between food insecurity and functional disability among older adults in Ghana and, the roles of sex and physical activity on the relationship.DesignA cross-sectional study design was employed.Setting and participantsA total of 4446 older adults (50+ years of age) from the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health Ghana Wave 2, a countrywide study, was completed in 2015.MethodsLogistic regression models were used to examine the associations between measures of food insecurity and functional disability using data from Study on Global Aging and Adult Health Ghana Wave 2. Functional disability was assessed using World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 composed of 12 items in 6 domains of cognition, mobility, self-care, getting along, life activities, and participation in society. Food insecurity was assessed from 12-month food sufficiency and experience of hunger over the last 12 months.ResultsApproximately 11% were identified as having functional disability. The prevalence of food insecurity was 23.8% for insufficient food intake and 18.3% for hunger. Adjusting for all variables, older adults who reported consuming insufficient food (OR 2.27; 95% CI 1.57, 3.28), and those who experienced hunger (OR 2.35; 95% CI 1.59, 3.46) had higher odds of functional disability, compared with those not reporting these issues. Sex differences modified the association between hunger and functional disability. Physical activity served as a protective factor (OR 0.60; 95% CI 0.38, 0.95) on the association implying that older adults who engaged in physical activity were 40% less likely to experience food insecurity-induced functional disability.Conclusions and ImplicationsFood insecurity is associated with functional disability among older adults. Results highlight the usefulness of tackling the social determinants of health and promoting financial/social security in older age in a changing Ghanaian society. |
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| Keywords: | Food insecurity functional disability hunger long-term care Ghana |
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