Postpartum Symptoms of Depression are Related to Infant Feeding Practices in a National WIC Sample |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Kaiser Permanente Mid-Atlantic Permanente Research Institute, Rockville, MD;2. Public Health Foundation Enterprises WIC Program, Division of Research and Evaluation, Irwindale, CA;1. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;2. Department of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA;3. Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle Epidemiologic Research and Information Center, Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA;4. Seattle-Denver Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Care, Puget Sound Health Care System, Health Services, Seattle, WA;1. Department of Health Policy and Management, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA;2. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;3. Department of Epidemiology of Chronic Disease, School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT;1. Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;2. Student Research Committee, Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran;4. Human Nutrition Department, College of Health Sciences, QU-Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar;5. Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates;6. Department of Food and Nutrition Policy and Planning, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran;1. Centers for American Indian and Alaska Native Health, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO;2. Institute for Research and Education Advancing Community Health, Elson S. Floyd College of Medicine, Washington State University, Seattle, WA;3. Denver Indian Health and Family Services, Denver, CO |
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| Abstract: | ObjectiveTo examine the association between elevated maternal postpartum depression symptoms and select targets of nutrition education within the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), including infant feeding beliefs, feeding practices, and dietary intake choices.DesignLongitudinal analysis of secondary data from the WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2.SettingEighty WIC sites.ParticipantsThe WIC Infant and Toddler Feeding Practices Study-2 participants interviewed through 13 months postpartum (n = 1,851).Main Outcome MeasuresLatent factor variables for infant feeding beliefs, feeding practices, and dietary intake choices.AnalysisConfirmatory factor analysis using structural equation modeling; multivariable linear regression models.ResultsBiological mothers with elevated postpartum depression symptoms engaged in significantly less optimal feeding practices than biological mothers with fewer symptoms of depression, in multivariable analyses controlling for sociodemographic variables (β = ?0.26; P = 0.02). Maternal depression symptoms were not significantly associated with infant feeding beliefs or dietary intake choices.Conclusions and ImplicationsMaternal depression symptoms are specifically associated with infant feeding practices. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children could consider screening for depressive symptoms and referring mothers for treatment. For mothers with elevated depression symptoms, nutrition education may need greater emphasis on healthy and safe feeding practices. |
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