恒牙牙髓炎的活髓保存治疗

活髓保存治疗是尽最大限度保留健康牙髓组织、提高患牙远期保存率的方法,但其被认为适应范围有限,疗效不确定。牙髓组织的病理学改变是决定临床治疗方案和评估疗效的组织学基础,而常用的检查方法无法全面反映牙髓的病理学改变。随着对牙髓生物学研究的深入、现代诊疗技术及盖髓材料的革新,活髓保存治疗越来越多地被应用在以往被认为需要摘除牙髓的患牙上。本文根据循证文献,就牙髓炎病理改变、恒牙牙髓炎活髓保存治疗的临床研究等方面进行分析讨论和总结。在活髓保存治疗的过程中综合运用包括激光多普勒血流仪、组织氧检测仪、核磁共振成像、牙科显微镜等技术与方法准确判断牙髓炎症状态,并依此决定牙髓的去留程度;结合严格的感染控制与高生物相容性盖髓材料的使用,活髓保存治疗可运用在部分龋源性露髓患牙与出现不可复性牙髓炎症状的恒牙上。未来的研究则需从牙髓修复再生机制、牙髓炎诊断精准化、盖髓材料的升级等方面提高恒牙牙髓炎活髓保存治疗的成功率。

Vital pulp therapy of pulp inflammation of permanent teeth

Vital pulp therapy aims to maintain healthy pulp tissue as much as possible to improve the long-term survival of teeth. It has limited indications and uncertain curative effects. The pathological changes in inflamed pulp are the histological basis for the determination of treatment strategies and the treatment outcome;however, pulp sensitivity testing cannot reflect the actual histological status of the pulp. With the development of basic and clinical research on vital pulp therapy, the innovation of modern diagnostic and therapeutic technology and capping material, vital pulp therapy can be used as a treatment of teeth on which it was previously thought pulpectomy was necessary. Based on the evidence-based literature, this paper analyzes and summarizes the pathological changes of pulpitis and clinical research on the treatment of pulpitis. Vital pulp therapy can be a treatment for mature teeth with carious exposure and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis if comprehensive applications, including laser Doppler flowmetry, tissue oxygen monitoring, magnetic resonance imaging and microscopy, are used to determine the degree of pulp retention and if infection control and the use of biocompatible capping material are emphasized. In the future, it will be necessary to improve the success rate of vital pulp therapy for the treatment of pulpitis through research on the mechanism of pulp repair and regeneration, the precise diagnosis of pulpitis, and the development of pulp capping materials.