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Properties of tooth enamel in great apes
Authors:James J-W Lee  Dylan Morris  Paul J Constantino  Peter W Lucas  Tanya M Smith  Brian R Lawn
Institution:1. Ceramics Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA;2. Department of Anthropology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA;3. Department of Human Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA;1. State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA;3. Department of Restorative Dentistry, Dental School, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA;1. Biomaterials Science Center, University of Basel, c/o University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland;2. Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, 5232 Villigen, Switzerland;3. UCLA School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1668, USA;4. Institute of Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany;1. Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New Zealand;2. Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, L3 3AF, UK;3. Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre for Excellence in PaleoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS 2050, South Africa;4. Elettra Synchrotron Trieste S. c. P. A., Synchrotron Radiation for Medical Physics (SYRMEP), Trieste, 34149, Basovizza, TS, Italy;5. Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan;1. Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, Turlington Hall, Room 1112, P.O. Box 117305 , Gainesville, FL, USA;2. Land Use and Environmental Change Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA;3. Department of Anthropology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA;1. Department of Cariology, Operative Dentistry and Dental Public Health, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA;2. Department of Restorative Dental Science, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia;3. Department of Biomedical and Applied Sciences, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA;4. Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA;5. Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, USA;6. Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Science, University of California, San Francisco School of Dentistry, San Francisco, USA
Abstract:A comparative study has been made of human and great ape molar tooth enamel. Nanoindentation techniques are used to map profiles of elastic modulus and hardness across sections from the enamel–dentin junction to the outer tooth surface. The measured data profiles overlap between species, suggesting a degree of commonality in material properties. Using established deformation and fracture relations, critical loads to produce function-threatening damage in the enamel of each species are calculated for characteristic tooth sizes and enamel thicknesses. The results suggest that differences in load-bearing capacity of molar teeth in primates are less a function of underlying material properties than of morphology.
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