Microsphere-based scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering: Using subcritical CO2 as a sintering agent |
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| Authors: | Milind Singh Brindar Sandhu Aaron Scurto Cory Berkland Michael S. Detamore |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Biomaterials Innovation Research Center, Brigham and Women''s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;2. Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;3. Microsystems Technologies Laboratories, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA;4. Centro de Biotecnología-FEMSA, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México;5. School of Chemical Engineering and Weldon School of Biomedical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA;6. Division of Immunology, School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Queen''s Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom;7. Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA;8. Department of Bioindustrial Technologies, College of Animal Bioscience and Technology, Konkuk University, Hwayang-dong, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea;9. Department of Physics, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia |
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| Abstract: | Shape-specific, macroporous tissue engineering scaffolds were fabricated and homogeneously seeded with cells in a single step. This method brings together CO2 polymer processing and microparticle-based scaffolds in a manner that allows each to solve the key limitation of the other. Specifically, microparticle-based scaffolds have suffered from the limitation that conventional microsphere sintering methods (e.g., heat, solvents) are not cytocompatible, yet we have shown that cell viability was sustained with subcritical (i.e., gaseous) CO2 sintering of microspheres in the presence of cells at near-ambient temperatures. On the other hand, the fused microspheres provided the pore interconnectivity that has eluded supercritical CO2 foaming approaches. Here, fused poly(lactide-co-glycolide) microsphere scaffolds were seeded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stromal cells to demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing these matrices for cartilage regeneration. We also demonstrated that the approach may be modified to produce thin cell-loaded patches as a promising alternative for skin tissue engineering applications. |
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