Effect of aldosterone on the amplification of oncolytic vaccinia virus in human cancer lines |
| |
Authors: | Hyun Ju Lee Jasung Rho Shao Ran Gui Mi Kyung Kim Yu Kyoung Lee Yeon Sook Lee Jeong Eun Kim Euna Cho Mong Cho Tae-Ho Hwang |
| |
Affiliation: | 1.Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Busan, Korea.;2.Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea.;3.Department of Gastroenterology, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea.;4.Research Center for Hepatic and Biliary Cancer Center, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Pusan National University College of Medicine, Yangsan, Korea. |
| |
Abstract: | Background/AimsJX-594 is an oncolytic virus derived from the Wyeth vaccinia strain that causes replication-dependent cytolysis and antitumor immunity. Starting with a cross-examination of clinical-trial samples from advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients having high levels of aldosterone and virus amplification in JX-594 treatment, we investigated the association between virus amplification and aldosterone in human cancer cell lines.MethodsCell proliferation was determined by a cell-counting-kit-based colorimetric assay, and vaccinia virus quantitation was performed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and a viral plaque assay. Also, the intracellular pH was measured using a pH-sensitive dye.ResultsSimultaneous treatment with JX-594 and aldosterone significantly increased viral replication in A2780, PC-3, and HepG2 cell lines, but not in U2OS cell lines. Furthermore, the aldosterone treatment time altered the JX-594 replication according to the cell line. The JX-594 replication peaked after 48 and 24 hours of treatment in PC-3 and HepG2 cells, respectively. qPCR showed that JX-594 entry across the plasma membrane was increased, however, the changes are not significant by the treatment. This was inhibited by treatment with spironolactone (an aldosterone-receptor inhibitor). JX-594 entry was significantly decreased by treatment with EIPA [5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride; a Na+/H+-exchange inhibitor], but aldosterone significantly restored JX-594 entry even in the presence of EIPA. Intracellular alkalization was observed after aldosterone treatment but was acidified by EIPA treatment.ConclusionsAldosterone stimulates JX-594 amplification via increased virus entry by affecting the H+ gradient. |
| |
Keywords: | Aldosterone Vaccinia virus Mineralocorticoid receptor pH Virus entry |
|
|