Microstructures and mechanical properties of silks of silkworm and honeybee |
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| Authors: | K Zhang FW Si HL Duan J Wang |
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| Institution: | 1. State Key Laboratory for Turbulence and Complex Systems and Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China;2. Center for Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People’s Republic of China;1. Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;2. Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands;3. Department of Textile Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi 110016, India;4. Department of Orthopaedics, UMC Utrecht, PO Box 85500, 3508 GA Utrecht, The Netherlands;5. ETH Zurich, Institute for Biomechanics, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3, HCI E355.1, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;1. Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, People''s Republic of China;2. National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, People''s Republic of China;3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA;4. Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Stem Cell Research, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, People''s Republic of China;1. State Scientific Research Institute for Chemical Technologies of Organoelement Compounds, 105118 Moscow, Russia;2. TU Dresden, Chair of Magnetofluiddynamics, Measuring and Automation Technology, Dresden D-01062, Germany;1. Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK;2. ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK;3. University of Sheffield, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Sheffield, UK |
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| Abstract: | Natural silks as important biomaterials have wide applications in scaffolds for tissues, biocompatible coatings and drug delivery, etc. In this paper, we report on the microstructures and mechanical properties of honeybee and silkworm silks. The microstructures and mechanical properties of these natural silks are measured by environment scanning electron microscopy (ESEM), scanning probe microscopy (SPM), tensile tests, and nanoindentation. It is found that the honeybee silk appears as a single fiber with a circular cross-section and has a much finer and smoother texture than the silkworm silk. The honeybee silk exhibits a distinct linear and brittle elastic feature with an elastic modulus of 6.5 GPa and a breaking strain of 3.8%, whereas the silkworm silk possesses a nonlinear and hierarchical failure character with an initial elastic modulus of 8.9 GPa and a breaking strain of 15.7%. Moreover, the nanoindentation measurements show that the honeybee silk exhibits much less anisotropy than the silkworm silk. The ratio of the longitudinal modulus to the transverse modulus of the honeybee silk is 2.0, whereas that of the silkworm silk is 18.9. The different structural and mechanical properties of the honeybee and silkworm silks are likely a result of their specific biological functions. |
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