Staging prostate cancer and its relationship to prognosis |
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| Authors: | Sara M. Falzarano Cristina Magi-Galluzzi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Urology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;2. Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel;1. Department of Urology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan;2. Department of Internal Medicine, Iwamizawa Kojin-kai Hospital, Iwamizawa, Japan;3. Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Dental College, Chiba, Japan;4. Department of Anatomy, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sappro, Japan;5. Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Tottori University Faculty of Medicine, Yonago, Japan;1. Department of Urology, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany;2. Oncology Outpatient-Centre, Leer, Germany;3. Group Practice for Oncology, Halle, Saale, Germany;4. iOMEDICO, Freiburg, Germany;5. Outpatient-Centre for Interdisciplinary Oncology and Haematology, Freiburg, Germany;1. Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee;2. Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, Tennessee;3. Department of Urologic Surgery, Nashville, Tennessee;1. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;2. Renal Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;3. Urology Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York;4. Center for Urologic Oncology, Glickman Urologic and Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio;5. Urologic Oncology, Spectrum Health, Grand Rapids, Michigan;6. Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota |
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| Abstract: | The objective of staging is to group malignancies with similar prognosis and therapeutical approach, to be able to compare clinicopathologic data from different institutions, and to perform clinical trials or research studies on a homogeneous population of patients.Accurate pathology staging for prostate cancer is critical to determine treatment of individual patients and it reflects ultimate expected clinical outcome. Radical prostatectomy Gleason score, pathologic T stage, lymph node and surgical margin status are independent predictors of biochemical recurrence-free survival.The TNM staging system is the most widely used system for prostate cancer staging, assessing the extent of primary tumor, the absence or presence of regional lymph node involvement, and the absence or presence of distant metastases. This system is in constant evolution and several modifications have been made over time in an attempt to improve the uniformity of patient evaluation, and to maintain a clinically relevant classification system. |
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