汉语阅读障碍儿童智力水平及其结构病例对照研究

目的　了解汉语阅读障碍 (reading disorder,RD)儿童的智力缺陷及结构情况 ,探讨 RD儿童认知障碍亚型。方法　采用韦氏儿童智力量表 (WISC- CR)对 72例 RD儿童和 14 4名正常儿童的智力进行测试。从同性别正常儿童选择与 RD儿童年龄接近的儿童组成对照组 ,两组比例为2∶ 1。结果　 1RD儿童的智力分测验、语言智商 (VIQ)、操作智商 (PIQ)及全量表智商 (FIQ )均低于正常儿童 (P <0 .0 1) ;RD儿童 VIQ与 PIQ相距一个标准差 (15 )以上者多于对照组 (P <0 .0 1)。 2 RD儿童智力的三维因子 (言语理解因子、知觉组织因子和记忆、注意因子 )显著低于正常组 (P <0 .0 1)。 3多元 logistic逐步回归分析显示 :智力发育不平衡是发生 RD的危险因素 ,而词汇和编码则是其保护因素。结论　实验组和对照组之间存在明显的智力结构上的差异 ;智力水平较低和智力发育不平衡 ,是导致儿童 RD的重要原因 ,提示大脑发育迟滞可能是 RD的发病机制 ,左右半球功能的不协调则是发生 RD的物质基础

The intelligence analysis of children with dyslexia

Objective To explore the cognitive ability and structure of Chinese children with dyslexia. Methods According to ICD-10 criteria, 72 children (49 boys, 23 girls) diagnosed as dyslexia were collected as study group. A control group including 144 normal children (98 boys, 46 girls) was matched by gender and age and collected according to the rate of 2:1. WISC-CR (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Chinese Revision) was applied to both groups. Results The children with dyslexia had significantly lower IQ scores and subset scores than control ( t=-11.3209, P<0.01). Noticeably, they had lower VIQ than PIQ (P<0.01). The lowest mean scale scores were on the understanding, vocabulary, information and arithmetic, while the highest scores were on the coding, picture completion and putting pieces together and building blocks. Further analysis showed the imbalance between VIQ and PIQ was the risk factor, while vocabulary and coding were the protective factors of dyslexia. Conclusions IQ is the main factor but not the sole one that affects dyslexia, while VIQ does more. The children with dyslexia have multiple cognitive deficiencies in the understanding ability, vocabulary range, spatial and perceptual organization abilities, which suggests children with dyslexia have hemispheric imbalance of brain function.