Maternal Early Life Factors Associated with Hormone Levels and the Risk of Having a Child with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Nurses Health Study II |
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| Authors: | Kristen Lyall David L. Pauls Susan Santangelo Donna Spiegelman Alberto Ascherio |
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| Affiliation: | (1) Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA;(2) Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA;(3) The Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA;(4) Departments of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, San Francisco, CA, USA;(5) Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, 655 Huntington Ave, Building II 3rd Floor, Boston, MA 02115, USA;(6) Channing Laboratory, Department of Medicine, The Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; |
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| Abstract: | It is not known whether reproductive factors early in the mother’s life influence risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). We assessed maternal age at menarche, menstrual cycle characteristics during adolescence, oral contraceptive use prior to first birth, body shape, and body mass index (BMI) in association with ASD using binomial regression in a cohort study of 61,596 women, including 743 cases. Overall, early life factors were not associated with ASD, though early age at menarche (RR for age 10 or less = 1.54, 95% CI 1.18, 2.02, p = 0.0002) and BMI at age 18 of ≥30 (RR 2.03, 95% CI 1.34, 3.08, p = 0.0008) were significantly associated with increased risk of ASD. Further work should investigate the potential influence of these factors. |
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