山西省中学生睡眠质量及影响因素分析

目的了解山西省中学生睡眠质量及其影响因素,为制定相关干预措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层整群抽样方法,在山西省吕梁、大同和忻州抽取9 560名在校学生,使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index,PSQI)问卷进行调查。结果被试学生中2 255(23.6%)名有睡眠障碍。男、女生(22.4%,24.5%)睡眠障碍检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=5.93,P<0.05),高中(36.6%)、初中(12.9%)、职业中学(24.6%)学生睡眠障碍检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^2=636.07,P<0.01)。女生PSQI总分、睡眠时间及睡眠障碍得分均高于男生,差异均有统计学意义(t值分别为3.76,8.38,3.47,P<0.01)。不同学段中学生在PSQI总分、入睡时间、睡眠时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、催眠药物及日间功能得分差异均具有统计学意义(F值分别为727.43,83.69,1 670.07,8.24,26.19,4.20,609.80,P值均<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,性别、学段、学习压力、父母婚姻状况、与老师的关系、体育活动、吸烟、饮酒为睡眠障碍的影响因素(P值均<0.05)。结论中学生睡眠问题较为普遍,应从家庭、学校及个人行为等方面进行干预。

Sleep quality and determinants among middle school students in Shanxi Province

Objective To examine sleep quality and related factors among middle school students,and to provide a scientific reference for making the relevart interventional measures. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire anonymous survey was conducted among 9 560 students randomly selected from Shanxi province using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) was used to collect information on sleep quality. Results Among all the participants, 2 255(23.6%) middle school students were reported poor sleep quality. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was significantly higher in girls(24.5%) than in boys(22.4%)(χ^2=5.93, P<0.05). Significant differences were observed in the prevalence of poor sleep quality between junior middle school(12.9%), senior middle school(36.6%) and vocational school students(24.6%)(χ^2=636.07, P<0.01). The global PSQI, sleep duration and sleep disturbance scores were higher in girls than in boys(t=3.76,8.38,3.47,P<0.01). There were significant differences between students with different school stages in global PSQI, sleep latency, sleep duration, habitual sleep efficiency, sleep disturbance, use of sleeping medication, and daytime dysfunction scores(F=727.43,83.69,1 670.07,8.24,26.19,4.20,609.80,P<0.05). Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that gender, school stage, academic pressure, parental marital state, relationship with teachers, physical activity, smoking and drinking were associated with poor sleep quality among middle school students in Shanxi. Conclusion Sleep problems are common among middle school students, and appropriate intervention should be taken to improve sleep quality of students from individual-, school-and family level.