长江中下游三省学龄前儿童睡眠状况

目的分析中国长江中下游地区学龄前儿童睡眠延迟、不足等睡眠问题检出率,为中国学龄前儿童睡眠模式标准提供参考。方法 2017年10-11月对中国长江中下游地区的湖北、安徽、江苏三省共11座城市的27 200名学龄前儿童,以幼儿园为单位进行家长问卷调查,描述学龄前儿童睡眠延迟、不足和睡眠模式的分布特征。结果长江中下游地区学龄前儿童睡眠问题检出率为15.3%,各年龄段平均就寝时点为21:31,睡眠延迟检出率为86.5%;平均睡眠时长为(10.60±1.12)h,学龄前儿童睡眠不足的检出率为15.7%。睡眠延迟与女童、年龄升高、父母文化程度高均呈正相关(P值均<0.05),与居住在城市、非独生子女和卧室无电视均呈负相关(P值均<0.01);睡眠不足的检出率与高年龄组儿童(4岁组:OR=1.32,95%CI=1.19~1.46;5岁组:OR=2.10,95%CI=1.91~2.32;6岁组:OR=2.47,95%CI=2.20~2.77)呈正相关(P值均<0.01);与卧室无电视(OR=0.91,95%CI=0.84~0.98)和睡觉不开灯(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.78~0.97)呈负相关(P值均<0.05)。结论学龄前儿童睡眠延迟和睡眠不足等睡眠问题比较突出受家庭环境等因素影响明显。

Sleep quality in preschool children in three provinces along the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

Objective To analyze the detection rate of sleep problems such as sleep delay and deficiency in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China,and to provide the reference for the standard of sleeping mode among preschool students. Methods From October to November 2017, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 27 200 preschool children in 11 cities in Hubei, Anhui and Jiangsu provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China. Epidemiology of sleep delays, deficiencies and sleep patterns in preschool children was described. Results The detection rate of sleep problems in preschool children in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was 15.3%. Taking the length of sleep and bedtime as the main analysis points, it was found that the average sleeping time point of each age group was 21:31, and the detection rate of bedtime delay was 86.5%. The average length of sleep was(10.60±1.12) hours. The detection rate of sleep deprivation in preschool children was 15.7%. Sleep delay was positively correlated with girls, age increase and parents’ higher educational level(P<0.05), and negatively correlated with living in the city, non-only child and bedroom without TV(P<0.01).The detection rate of sleep deprivation was positively correlated with children of high age group(4-year-old group:OR=1.32,95%CI=1.19-1.46;5-year-old group:OR=2.10,95%CI=1.91-2.32;6-year-old group:OR=2.47,95%CI=2.20-2.77)(P<0.01), and negatively correlated with no TV in bedroom(OR=0.91,95%CI=0.84-0.98) and no light in sleep(OR=0.87,95%CI=0.78-0.97)(P<0.05). Conclusion Preschool children sleep delay and sleep deprivation and other sleep problems are more prominent, affected by family environment and other factors.