不同模式预防学校结核病健康教育干预效果比较

目的探讨利用传统宣传模式和互联网+模式在学校开展结核病健康教育的效果,为降低结核病在学校的传播风险提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样法选取保定市主城区初中、高中及大中专院校各2所,采用分层随机分组法分为传统模式教育组和互联网+模式教育组(包含初中、高中、大中专院校各1所),开展2个月的结核病健康促进干预,在干预前及干预后进行问卷调查,观察健康教育效果,干预前后分别调查2 804和2 821人。结果干预前传统模式教育组与互联网+模式教育组学生结核病防治核心知识总知晓率分别为47.5%和47.8%,差异无统计学意义(χ^2=0.19,P>0.05),干预后互联网+模式教育组学生结核病防治知识总知晓率为97.8%,高于传统模式教育组的90.2%,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=871.30,P<0.05);干预前传统模式教育组与互联网+模式教育组学生正确对待结核病态度行为形成率间差异均无统计学意义(P值均>0.05),干预后两组在正向态度和积极行为上,认为结核病健康教育有必要性分别为93.0%,85.1%,愿意接受结防核病相关检查分别为88.6%,81.5%,确诊结核病主动向学校报告分别为96.4%,90.5%,不随地吐痰、咳嗽打喷嚏时掩住口鼻分别为94.3%,90.6%,经常开窗通风分别为98.1%,95.7%,愿意传播防知识分别为98.7%,96.4%,积极预防结核病分别为86.3%,78.2%,差异均有统计学意义(P值均<0.05)。结论互联网+模式健康教育干预对提高学生肺结核防治知识效果显著,优于传统模式。

Comparison of two health education intervention on tuberculosis prevention in schools

Objective To compare the effectiveness of Internet plus mode with tradition education mode on tuberculosis prevention in schools,so as to provide the reference for reducing the risk of catching tuberculosis in schools. Methods Two junior and two senior high schools as well as two universities were selected from Baoding. The two same level schools were randomly divided into the traditional education group and the Internet plus group. All the students received 2-month TB health education intervention. Questionnaire survey was conducted before and after intervention. A total of 2 804 and 2 821 students were investigated before and after intervention respectively. Results The awareness rate of TB prevention and treatment core knowledge among the traditional education group and the Internet plus group before intervention was 47.5% and 47.8%, respectively(χ^2=0.19, P>0.05). After intervention, the percentage of students with positive attitude and behavior regarding TB was 93.0% and 85.1% in the Internet plus group and the traditional model education group, respectively, including willingness to accept TB test(88.6% vs 81.5%), active reporting to school on TB diagnosis(96.4% vs 90.5%), no spitting in public, cover up when sneeze or cough(94.3% vs 90.6%), opening windows for ventilation(98.1% vs 95.7%), and willingness to share knowledge(98.7% vs 96.4%), active prevention of TB(86.3% vs 78.2%)(P<0.05). Conclusion Internet plus mode health education intervention shows more effectiveness on tuberculosis health education, compared with traditional health education.