四川省儿童受虐对其内隐与外显自尊的影响

目的调查四川省儿童受虐和内隐与外显自尊的现状,探讨儿童受虐和自尊之间的关系及其影响因素,为改善受虐儿童的心理健康状况提供参考。方法采用分层随机整群抽样方法抽取四川省4座城市574名学生(10~16岁),通过自尊量表测量儿童外显自尊;采用儿童受虐筛查表筛查出受虐儿童(54名)及对照组(63名),使用E-Prime实验测量被试内隐自尊。结果四川地区儿童受虐筛查率为11.3%,受到1种虐待方式的儿童占55.4%,2种占29.2%,3种及以上占15.4%。总样本儿童外显自尊平均水平(28.92±5.58)为自尊中等水平,受虐儿童的外显自尊和内隐自尊水平均低于总样本平均水平(t值分别为-2.56,-2.40,P值均<0.05)。儿童的抚养人文化程度对外显自尊影响有统计学意义(F=6.23,P<0.05),抚养者文化程度越高,儿童外显自尊越高。儿童性别和受虐情况进入内隐自尊的多元逐步回归模型(F=6.11,P<0.01),儿童受虐和内隐自尊呈负相关(t=-2.91,P<0.01)。结论抚养人的文化程度对儿童外显自尊产生影响,儿童的受虐经历和性别对其内隐自尊产生影响。

Influence of childhood abuse on implicit and explicit self-esteem among children in Sichuan

Objective To investigate association between childhood abuse and self-esteem among children in Sichuan.Methods A total of 700 students aged 10-16 years from four cities of Sichuan were selected through stratified random sampling method.All the participants were investigated with Screen Questionnaire of Child Abuse(SQCA),the Self-esteem Scale(SES)and the E-Prime based Implicit-Association Test(IAT).Results The prevalence of childhood abuse in Sichuan is 11.3%(65/574).Among them,55.4%reported one type of abuse experience,29.2%reported two types and 15.4%reported 3 or more types of abusive experiences.The average level of explicit self-esteem for the total sample children(x=28.92,higher than 26)was in the medium level.For children with abuse experiences,explicit(t=-2.56,P<0.05)and implicit self-esteem(t=-2.40,P<0.05)was significantly lower than average level of the total sample.Educational background of primary caregivers was positively associated with explicit self-esteem(P<0.05).Gender and childhood abuse entered in the final regression model for implicit self-esteem(F=6.11,P<0.01),and childhood abuse negatively correlated with implicit self-esteem(t=-2.83,P<0.01).Conclusion Children with abuse experiences are more likely to have low implicit self-esteem.