通辽市蒙汉族中小学生视力及屈光调查分析

目的了解蒙汉族中小学生视力及屈光状态,为中小学生视力保健提供依据。方法对通辽市2002年至2005年7～18岁蒙汉族、城乡中小学生以随机分层、整群抽样方法,进行裸眼视力检查,对视力低常者做常规眼科检查。共调查学生35944名,蒙族学生9084名,汉族学生26860名。正常视力者24471名,占总数68.1%。在视力低常学生中抽取2760名,除11名其它眼病外,对2749名进行散瞳验光,汉族1576人,蒙族1173人。结果视力低常者为11473名(22946眼),占受检总数31.9%,其中小学生视力低常率为18.8%,初中为39.2%,高中为55.9%。蒙族视力低常率为28.4%,汉族为33.1%。随学龄增长增高4.6倍。视力低常者中近视眼有3518眼,占视力低常者64%,轻度近视占视力低常者的38.5%,中度近视22.7%,重度近视2.8%;远视眼占18.8%,正视眼占12.1%,混合散光5.1%;弱视占1.6%,其它占0.4%。视力低常者中近视居首位,7岁时近视眼42.3%,13岁时近视眼66.7%,16岁时近视眼77.9%。随着年龄增长而近视眼患病率增高。视力低常率、近视患病率在中小学生、蒙汉族、城乡、男女之间差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。蒙族学生低于汉族,男生低于女生,农村低于城市。结论通辽市蒙汉族中小学生视力低常率高于国内报告的其它少数民族地区,视力低常率近视患病率随年龄增长而增高,中小学生视力低常的主要原因是近视眼。

Investigation of vision and refraction of Mongolia and Han national students in Tong Liao city

Objective To investigate mongolian and Han national students' vision and refraction to provide basic data for protecting vision of the high school and primary school students. Methods 7 to 18 years old mongolia and Han national urban and rural shudents were investigated with random layers and whole sampling method for their uncorrected vision. Those with subnormal vision accepted eye checking. 35944 students were investigated including 9084 mongolian students and 26860 Han national students. The number of the students with normal eye was 24471 including 68.1% of the whole. 2760 students with subnor-mal vision were selected for further examination. Of them 2749 did cycloplegic refraction including 1576 Han nationality and 1173 innermongolia. 11 others suffered other eye diseases. Results 11473 persons (22946 eyes) suffered subnormal vision occupying 31.9% of the whole. The primary school students occupied 18.8%, the high school students 39.2%, and the high school students 55.9%. The innermongolia with subnormal vision was 28.4%, Han was 33.1%. The number increased 4.6 times with school ages increasing. 3518 eyes were myopia occupying 64% of all subnormal visions. Among them 38.5% was light myopia, 22.7% morderate myopia and 2.8% high myopia. 18.8% were hyperopic eyes, 12.1% emme-tropic eyes, 5.1% mixed astigmatism 1.6% amblyopia, 0.4% other eye diseases. Myopia is listed the first reason of subnormal vision occupying 42.3% at 7 years olds, 66.7% at 13 and 77.9% at 16. The myopia incidence rate increased with age growing. Subnormal vision rate and myopia incidence rate were statisticly different between different groups showing lower in inner mongolia students than in Han studens, lower in male than in famale, lower in rural area than in urban area (P<0.01). Conclusions The mongolia and Han national students with subnormal vision rate is higher than that of other minority. The subnormal vision rate and myopia incidence rate increase with age increasing. Myopia is the main reason of subnormal vision in primary and high school students.