The effect of neuromuscular stimulation of the genioglossus on the hypopharyngeal airway |
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Authors: | Mann Eric A Burnett Theresa Cornell Sonia Ludlow Christy L |
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Affiliation: | Laryngeal and Speech Section, Medical Neurology Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1416, USA. manne@ninds.nih.gov |
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Abstract: | OBJECTIVES: To determine the effects of neuromuscular stimulation (NS) of the genioglossus muscle on hypopharyngeal airway size. STUDY DESIGN: Fourteen consecutively recruited healthy volunteers underwent percutaneous electrical NS of the genioglossus muscle. METHODS: Bipolar hooked wires were inserted percutaneously into the genioglossus muscle and used for NS. The anterior--posterior diameter of the hypopharynx was measured at the level of the superior edge of the epiglottis at baseline and during NS from recorded video endoscopic examinations. RESULTS: NS of the genioglossus muscle resulted in a significant increase in the diameter of the hypopharyngeal airway (P =.002) compared with baseline, ranging from a 33% to 284% increase in airway diameter. Three of the 14 patients demonstrated modest decreases in airway diameter, likely the result of faulty electrode placement in surrounding tongue retrusive muscles. CONCLUSIONS: NS of the genioglossus muscle was effective in increasing the hypopharyngeal airway and may provide a useful alternative to direct stimulation of the hypoglossal nerve with a nerve cuff electrode in the development of neuroprosthetic treatments for obstructive sleep apnea. |
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Keywords: | Genioglossus neuromuscular stimulation obstructive sleep apnea upper airway |
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