青少年的自我意识与心理健康的现状及其相关研究

目的　评价中学生的自我意识水平及心理健康状况 ,探讨自我意识与心理健康状况的相关关系。方法　用Piers Harris儿童自我意识量表和症状自评量表 (SCL - 90 )对北京市城区 3所中学初一、初二年级的学生 870人进行心理健康调查。结果　女生的自我意识量表总分以及行为、合群、幸福与满足分量表得分高于男生 ,男生焦虑分量表得分高于女生 ,差异均有显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。自我意识水平在初中一、二年级之间差异无显著性。在SCL - 90评定量表结果中 ,总症状指数≥ 1的比例为 1 7.9% ,学生中轻度和中度以上问题发生率最多的分别是敌对 (31 .1 % ,7.5% )、强迫 (2 5 .2 % ,6 .3 % )和人际关系敏感 (2 3 .9% ,6 .9% )。男女生各因子得分差异无显著性 (P <0 .0 5)。自我意识评分与SCL - 90评分有较高负性相关 ,r=- 0 .51 5(P <0 .0 0 1 )。结论　女生的自我意识水平高于男生 ,但女生比男生更容易出现焦虑问题。青少年的自我意识水平与心理健康密切相关。学校教育中 ,应注意提高学生的自我意识 ,培养健全的人格特征。

Relationship between Self-concept and Mental Health of Adolescents

Objectives To evaluate the states of self concept and mental health of adolescents, and to ascertain the relationship between them. Methods Piers Harris Children's Self concept Scale and the Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90) were used in 870 junior high school students at 1-2 grades in 3 middle schools in Beijing. Results Girls scored higher on the total scores of self-concept, especially on sub-scales of behavior, gregarization, happiness, but they scored lower in sub-score on anxiety than boys ( P <0.05). The differences between students at grade 1 and grade 2 on self-concept were minimal. The SCL-90 results showed that 17.9% of students had the positive factor score over than 1. The main problems (light and medium) existing among students were hostility (31.l%, 7.5%), obsessive-compulsive (25.2%, 6.3%) and interpersonal sensitivity (23.9%, 6.9%). There were no significant differences in the all of SCL-90 factors between boys and girls ( P >0.05). The total score of self-concept was negatively associated with the total score of SCL-90( r =-0.515, P <0.001). Conclusions Girls than boys have the higher level of self-concept, however girls suffer from anxiety disorders easily. Adolescents' self-concept levels are associated with their mental health status. More attention should be paid to the development of self-concept and personality of students in schooling.