Arteriovenous malformation: An unusual cause of rectus sheath hematoma, following laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) is an accumulation of blood in the rectus abdominis muscle sheath, secondary to several conditions which may cause the epigastric vessel rupture or muscular tear, but mostly affecting patients undergoing anticoagulation therapy.We present a rare case of a 67-year-old woman who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and developed RSH on the 12th postoperative day. The patient was under anticoagulation therapy with acenocoumarole due to mitral valve replacement. The bleeding source was an arteriovenous malformation (AVM) rupture as indicated by the angiogram images and it was embolized succefully. The patient was discharged seven days later.