Advances in DDD Pacing

Advances in DDD design are increasingly directed toward imitating actual cardiac physiology. Eventually, biosensors will command implanted dual chamber units' responses, affording the most physiologic of circumstances. Since these improved design features are quite complex, the care of the paced patient may well have to be performed in specialized centers. The responsibility thereby incurred mandates to those involved in cardiac pacing critical validation of the actual clinical relevance of newer DDD features.