自体组织移植进展

目的综述骨科领域较常见的自体组织移植,如皮瓣、肌瓣、骨(膜)瓣等移植在修复重建外科应用的现状及对未来的发展进行展望.方法回顾近几年国内外有关自体组织移植发展的文献,进行分析整理,总结其应用进展,并根据多年的临床经验,指出今后的发展方向.结果目前临床选用较多的几个游离皮瓣供区是股前外侧皮瓣、背阔肌皮瓣、上臂外侧皮瓣、肩胛皮瓣、颞顶筋膜瓣以及各种穿支皮瓣等.其中穿支皮瓣具有受区修复好和供区损失小的优点.由于肌肉皮瓣游离移植的优点较多,因此替代了单纯肌肉游离移植.较常用的肌皮瓣为背阔肌肌皮瓣,可急诊移植血管桥接修复,也可保留胸背神经移植修复,或应用桥式游离肌皮瓣移植修复等.骨缺损、骨不连是骨科的一大难题.常用的带血供骨移植供骨部位有肋骨、髂骨、腓骨及肩胛骨等,可应用治疗大块骨缺损、骨不连、骨缺损、股骨头缺血性坏死及骨肿瘤切除后植骨等.结论利用自体组织移植来修复组织缺损已成为修复重建外科手术方式之一.

DEVELOPMENT OF THE TISSUE-AUTOGRAFTING

Objective To introduce the current situation and prospect of the tissue-autografting, such as the flaps, muscle flaps, and bone(periosteum) flaps, and its application in reparative and reconstructive surgery. Methods Based on our own experiences and combined with the review of the literature at home and abroad, the latest development of the tissue-autografting was analyzed. Results The femoral anterolateral flap, latissimus dorsi muscle flap, upper arm lateral flap, scap flap, temporal fascial flap and perforator flap are the frequently used in clinic. Of all the perforator flap had such advantages as better repair of the recipient sites and less damage of the donor site. Beacause of more advantages of the free myocutaneous flap transplantation, it substituted the free muscle transplantation. The atissimus dorsi muscle myocutaneous flap was the most frequently used in the transplant of the vessels, with preserved function of the thoracodorsal nerve or with repair of the defected tissues by the bridge. The most common donor sites of the bone were ribs,iliac bone,fibula and scapula, so the severe bone defects or the bone non-union, femoral head ischemic necrosis, and the bone graft from the tumor removal could be managed with the bones from those sites. Conclusion The autografting in repairing the tissue defect has become one of the most important surgical techniques in reparative and reconstructive surgery.