Candida albicans interaction with Gram-positive bacteria within interkingdom biofilms |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Infectious Diseases Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, EPE, Porto, Portugal;2. Internal Medicine Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, EPE, Porto, Portugal;3. Microbiology Department of Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, EPE, Porto, Portugal;4. Pathological Anatomy Department of Centro Hospitalar do Porto, EPE, Porto, Portugal;5. Pediatrics Department of Hospital do Mal de Hansen, Cumura, Guine Bissau;6. Infectious Diseases Department of Hospital do Mal de Hansen, Cumura, Guine Bissau;1. The Institute of Life Sciences, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China;2. Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China;3. Pediatric Research Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China;4. Children''s Heart Center, Institute of Cardiovascular Development and Translational Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children''s Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China;1. Department of Microbial, Biochemical and Food Biotechnology, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;2. National Control Laboratory for Biological Products, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa;1. Centre of Biological Engineering (CEB), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Candida albicans is a commensal of the human body and an opportunistic pathogen frequently responsible for nosocomial bloodstream infections. Most of these infections are linked to the development of a biofilm in or on implanted medical devices. C. albicans cells have the capacity to interact with bacteria within biofilms, especially by the way of chemical or metabolic indirect interactions and/or direct physical contacts involving specifically the yeast or hyphal form of the fungal cell, or more rarely involving both forms. According to the species, C. albicans-bacteria interactions can be antagonistic or synergistic, competitive or not. The polymicrobial nature of biofilms may deeply influence the physiopathology of infections as well as the efficiency of antimicrobial agents. The present review aims to focus on the current knowledge of interactions between C. albicans and major Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative Staphylococcus, Streptococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. within biofilms. A better understanding of this complicated, fast-paced world of multi-kingdom biofilms will contribute to develop new effective ways to fight biofilm-related infections. |
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| Keywords: | Poly-microbial biofilm Anaerobic bacteria |
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