Glycaemic impact of patient-led use of sensor-guided pump therapy in type 1 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial |
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Authors: | M A O’Connell S Donath D N O’Neal P G Colman G R Ambler T W Jones E A Davis F J Cameron |
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Institution: | M. A. O’Connell, S. Donath, D. N. O’Neal, P. G. Colman, G. R. Ambler, T. W. Jones, E. A. Davis and F. J. Cameron |
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Abstract: | Aims/hypothesis The objective of this study was to assess the impact of patient-led sensor-guided pump management on glycaemic control, and
compare the effect with that of standard insulin pump therapy.
Methods An open multicentre parallel randomised controlled trial was conducted at five tertiary diabetes centres. Participants aged
13.0–40.0 years with well-controlled type 1 diabetes were randomised 1:1 to either study group for 3 months. Randomisation
was carried out using a central computer-generated schedule. Participants in the intervention group used sensor-guided pump
management; no instructive guidelines in interpreting real-time data were provided (‘patient-led’ use). Participants in the
control group continued their original insulin pump regimen. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and HbA1c level were used to assess outcomes. The primary outcome was the difference in the proportion of time in the target glycaemic
range during the 3 month study period (derived from CGM, target range 4–10 mmol/l). Secondary outcomes were difference in
HbA1c, time in hypoglycaemic (≤3.9 mmol/l) and hyperglycaemic (≥10.1 mmol/l) ranges and glycaemic variability.
Results Sixty-two participants were recruited and randomised; 5/31 and 2/31 withdrew from intervention and control groups, respectively,
leaving 26/31 and 29/31 for the intention-to-treat analyses. When adjusted for baseline values, the mean end-of-study HbA1c was 0.43% lower in the intervention group compared with the control group (95% CI 0.19 to 0.75%; p = 0.009). No difference was observed in CGM-derived time in target (measured difference 1.72; 95% CI −5.37 to 8.81), hypoglycaemic
(0.54; 95% CI −3.48 to 4.55) or hyperglycaemic (−2.18; 95% CI −10.0 to 5.69) range or in glycaemic variability (−0.29; 95%
CI −0.34 to 0.28). Within the intervention group, HbA1c was 0.51% lower in participants with sensor use ≥70% compared with participants with sensor use <70% (95% CI −0.98 to −0.04,
p = 0.04). Five episodes of device malfunction occurred.
Conclusions/interpretation Individuals established on insulin pump therapy can employ sensor-guided pump management to improve glycaemic control. An
apparent dose-dependent effect of sensor usage was noted; however, frequent use of this technology (≥70%) was not universally
acceptable.
Trial registration: ACTRN12606000049572
Funding: Funding support and equipment were provided by Medtronic Australasia. |
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Keywords: | Clinical diabetes Devices Insulin-infusion systems Insulin therapy Randomised controlled trial Type 1 diabetes |
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